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61 Cards in this Set
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|
Chem Panel
Glucose |
60 - 110 mg/dL
Caloric energy source |
|
Chem Panel
Total bilirubin |
<1.0 mg/dL
breakdown product of hemoglobin |
|
Chem Panel
Total protein |
6.0-7.7 g/dL
|
|
Chem Panel
Albumin |
3.5-5.0 g/dL
responsible for oncotic pressure & binding |
|
Chem Panel
Alkaline phosphatase (AP or ALP) |
20-120 IU/L
enzyme related to bone growth & hepatic function |
|
Chem Panel
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) |
8-30 mg/dL
end product of protein metabolism |
|
Chem Panel
Uric acid |
male=4-8 mg/dL
female=2.6-7 mg/dL end product of purine metabolism |
|
Chem Panel
Creatinine (Cr) |
<1.5 mg/dL
by product of muscle catabolism |
|
Chem Panel
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) |
<42 IU/L
transfer of amino groups enzyme related to skeletal muscles and liver function |
|
Chem Panel
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) |
<30 IU/L
transer of amino groups enzyme related to liver function |
|
Chem Panel
Cholesterol |
<200 mg/dL
major plasma lipid needed for hormone synthesis |
|
Chem Panel
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) |
100-225 IU/L
– catalyzes pyruvate to lactate in glycolysis – enzyme related to muscle & liver function (LDH5) |
|
Chem Panel
Calcium |
8.4-10.2 mg/dL
2.1 - 2.6 mmol/L – essential mineral |
|
Chem Panel
Phosphate |
2.6-4.5 mg/dL
0.84 - 1.45 mmol/L – essential mineral |
|
Chem Panel
Magnesium |
1.5-2.2 meq/L
0.6 - 0.95 mmol/L – essential mineral |
|
Hematology Survey Complete blood count (CBC)
Hematocrit (Hct) |
male=41-50%
female=36-46% |
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Hematology Survey Complete blood count (CBC)
Hemoglobin (Hgb) |
males=13-17 gm/dL
female=12-15 gm/dl |
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Hematology Survey Complete blood count (CBC)
Red blood cells (RBC) |
males=4.5-5.8 K/mm3
female=4.0-5.0 K/mm3 |
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Hematology Survey Complete blood count (CBC)
RBC Indices – Reticulocytes |
0.5 - 2.5% RBC’s
|
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RBC Indices
MCV |
80-100 fl
|
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RBC Indices
MCH |
26-34 pg/cell
|
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RBC Indices
MCHC% |
31-37 g/dL
|
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Hematology Survey
White blood cells (WBC) |
4-9 K/mm3
|
|
WBC Differential
Segs |
45-75%
|
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WBC Differential
Monocytes |
2-6%
|
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WBC Differential
Bands |
<5%
|
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WBC Differential
Eosinophils |
0-4%
|
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WBC Differential
Lymphocytes |
20-40%
|
|
WBC Differential
Basophils |
0-1%
|
|
Hematology Survey
Platelet (Plts) |
120-420 K/mm^3
|
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Serum Electrolytes:
Sodium |
136-145 meq/L
|
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Serum Electrolytes:
Chloride |
96-105 meq/L
|
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Serum Electrolytes:
Potassium |
3.5-5.0 meq/L
|
|
Serum Electrolytes:
Bicarbonate |
24 - 30 meq/L
|
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Fluid Compartments
|
60% of Total Body Weight
ICF = 40% of TBW ECF = 20% of TBW ISF = 15% of TBW Plasma = 5% of TBW |
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Daily Fluid Requirements
|
35 mL/kg per day
1500 mL/m^2 per day |
|
Acid Base Values
HCO3/PCO2 Ratio |
Normal 20:1
<20:1 - pH < 7.35 acidosis >20:1 - pH > 7.45 alkalosis |
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Acid Base Values
pH |
7.4 (7.35-7.45)
|
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Acid Base Values
PO2 |
80-100 mmHg
|
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Acid Base Values
PCO2 |
35-45 mmHg
|
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Acid Base Values
HCO3 |
22-26 meq/L
|
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Anion Gap
|
AG = Na - (Cl + HCO3)
Normal: 3-11 |
|
Acid Base Values
Urine pH |
pH 5-7
|
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Metabolic Acidosis Tx
Acetazolamide dose |
250-500 mg x 1-2
|
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Chronic Metabolic Acidosis Tx
Bicarb dose |
Loading Dose: 22-24 meq/L
Maintenance Dose: 1-3 meq/kg/day (2 gm/day max 6 gm per day) Wasting: 10-15 meq/kg/day |
|
BUN:Cr Ration
|
Normal 15-20:1
Increase: intravascular depletion Decrease: intrinsic renal damage, dec protein intake, hepatic cirrhosis |
|
Measured Creatine Clearance Equation
|
CrCl = (Ucr X Vol) / (Scr x T)
|
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ARF Urine Output
Nonoliguric |
UO > 450 mL/day
|
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ARF Urine Output
Oliguric |
UO 50-450 mL/day
|
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ARF Urine Output
Anuric |
UO < 50 mL/day
|
|
Urinalysis
Proteinuria |
> 150 mg per day
A glomerular problem |
|
ARF Diuretic Tx
Mannitol |
12.5 - 25 gm IV may repeat 1X
|
|
ARF Diuretic Tx
Furosemide |
80 mg IV
If no response, 400 mg IV |
|
ARF Diuretic Tx
Furosemide + distal tubule diuretic |
Chlorthiazide 500 mg IV (not w/ CrCl < 25 mL/min)
Metolazone 10 mg PO q12h (works w/ low GFR) |
|
Staging CKD
Stage 1 |
Kidney Damage w/ normal or increased GFR (>90 mL/min/1.73m^2)
Structural damage-proteiuria |
|
Staging CKD
Stage 2 |
Kidney damage w/ mild decrease in GFR (60-89 ml/min/1.73 m^2)
|
|
Staging CKD
Stage 3 |
Moderate decrease in GFR (30-59 ml/min/1.73 m^2)
Symptoms are present and beginning effects of anemia and hyperPTH |
|
Staging CKD
Stage 4 |
Severe decrease in GFR (15-29 mL/min/1.73 m^2)
Uremia,electrolyte and acid/base disorder |
|
Staging CKD
Stage 5 |
Kidney Failure ESRD (< 25 mL/min/1.73 m2)
Requires renal transplant or dialysis |
|
Glycemic Control
HgbA1c |
Normal < 6%
Diabetic Target <7% |
|
Anemia of CKD (any stage)
Hgb |
Male: Hgb < 13.5 g/dL
Female: Hgb < 12 g/dL Target: 11 >= 11.0 g/dL |
