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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WBC Normal Range
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4.4-11.3 x 103 cells/!L
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Neutrophils (PMNs) Normal Range
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45-73%
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Increased PMN Means...
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bacteria, fungi
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Band neutrophils Normal Range
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3-5%
"left shift" |
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Lymphocytes Normal Range
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20-40%
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Increased Lymphocytes means...
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viral infections
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Monocytes Normal Range
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2-8%
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Eosinophils Normal Range
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0-4%
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Increased Eosinophils means...
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bacterial, parasitic infections
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Basophils Normal Range
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0-1%
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Increased Basophils associated with...
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allergic response
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RBC Male Normal Range
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4.5-5.9 x 106 cells/!L
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RBC Female Normal Range
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4.1-5.1 x 106 cells/!L
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MCV Normal Range
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80-96%
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Hgb Male Normal Range
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14-17.5 g/dL
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Hgb Female Normal Range
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12.3-15.3 g/dL
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MCH Normal Range
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27-33 pg/cell
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Hct Male Normal Range
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42 - 50%
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Hct Female Normal Range
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36 - 45%
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Platelets Normal Range
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150k - 450k/uL
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Specific Gravity of Urine Norm
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1.010 - 1.025 mg/mL
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pH of Urine Normal
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6-8 pH
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Urine Protein Normal
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2 - 8 mg/dL
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Urobilinogen Normal in Urine
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0.1-1 unit/dL
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Two things that indicate bacterial infection in urine:
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Nitrite; Leukocyte esterase
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Na+ Normal
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135-145 mEq/L
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K+ Normal
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3.5-5 mEq/L
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CO2 Normal
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24-30 mEq/L
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Cl- Normal
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96-106 mEq/L
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FBS Normal
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80-110 mg/dL
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A1C Normal
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4-6%
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BUN Normal
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8 - 20 mg/dL
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Cr Normal
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0.7-1.5 mg/dL
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CrCl
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90-140 mL/min/1.73m2
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CrCl Formula (Includes IBW)
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((140-age) x IBW) / (72 x SCr*) [x 0.85 in females]
IBW = [50gk(males) or 45kg(female)] + 2.3kg (for every inch >5ft) Round SCr to 1 in frail elderly |
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AST (SGOT) Normal
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8-42 IU/L
increased with alcohol consumption; liver damage |
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ALT (SGPT) Normal
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3-30 IU/L
increased with hepatitis; liver damage |
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ALP Normal
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44-147 IU/L
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Total bilirubin Normal
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0.3-1 mg/dL
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Total protein Normal
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5.5-8.3 g/dL
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Albumin Normal
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3.5-5 g/dL
decreased with cirrhosis; alcoholism; trauma; malnutrition |
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PT, clotting time Normal
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10-13 sec
affected by drugs (Coumadin) and plts INR = 1 |
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Gram +
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pink
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Gram -
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purple
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Acid fast +
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red
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Acid fast -
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blue
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Serial two-fold dilutions of antibiotics in Mueller-Hinton broth
Addition of standard inoculum (105) of bacteria. |
Broth dilution-Macrodilution
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Micro titer plate: serial dilutions of multiple antibiotics
Used to identify ABC,GBS and several others Cannot be used for H.influenzae, N.gonorrhoea, S. pneumoniae Panels can be chosen based on each facility antibiogram and formulary. |
Broth dilution-Microdilution
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Predefined stable gradient of 15 antibiotic concentrations on a tray
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E-test
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Ppluarset ic uslttruipre of Microorganism is grown overnight then diluted to a
concentration of 1x106 microorganisms per ml Spread suspension evenly on the sterile plate surface If a substantial antimicrobial activity is present, a zone of inhibition appears around the test product |
Zone of inhibition-kirby Bauer
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Disadvantage of Kirby-Bauer
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Does not work for
viruses Not quantitative, hard to tell MIC using this method but in general larger inhibition zones correlates with low MIC |
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Disadvantage of E-test
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None
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