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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
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Budd-Chiari syndrome
(DVT in posthepatic circulation) |
Resembles right heart failure but without jugular venous distention |
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Achilles tendon xanthoma
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Familial hypercholesterolemia
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Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
(meningococcemia) |
Neisseria sepsis causes DIC Hemorrhage -> crisis -> hypotension Causes of DIC: Sepsis, Trauma, OB complications, Pancreatitis, Malignancy, Nephrotic syndrome, Transfusion Mnemonic: STOP Making New Thrombi |
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Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
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Marfan's syndrome
(fibrillin defect) |
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Athlete with polycythemia
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Erythropoietin injection
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Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
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Pott's disease
(vertebral tuberculosis) |
Note "B symptoms" |
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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Sarcoidosis
(noncaseating granulomas) |
What would caseating granulomas be? TB!! |
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Blue sclera
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
(type I collagen defect) |
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Bluish line on gingiva
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Burton's line
(lead poisoning) |
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Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
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Paget's disease of bone
(inc. osteoblastic & osteoclastic activity) |
Serum marker: alkaline phosphatase Also seen by increased head circumference, fractures |
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Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
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Aortic regurgitation
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Listen here: http://www.wilkes.med.ucla.edu/Diastolic.htm Or search on youtube |
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Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
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Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)
Neurofibromatosis type II (+ bilateral acoustic neuromas) |
Iris hamartoma - normal tissue, but in excess |
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Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty
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McCune-Albright syndrome
(mosaic G-protein signaling mutation) |
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Calf pseudohypertrophy
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Muscular dystrophy
(most commonly Duchenne's) |
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"Cherry red spot" on macula (3)
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Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation)
Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation) Central retinal artery occlusion |
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Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
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Dressler's syndrome
(autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode) |
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Child uses arms to stand up from squat
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Gowers' sign
(Duchenne muscular dystrophy - X-linked recessive deleted dystrophin gene) |
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Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
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Huntington's disease
(autosomal-dominant CAG repeat expansion) |
A disease of C's: Chorea Caudate atrophy Crazy (dementia) CAG repeat decreased acetylCholine |
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Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps
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McArdle's disease
(muscle phosphorylase deficiency) |
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Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
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"Slapped cheeks"
(erythema infectiosum/fifth disease - parvovirus B19) |
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Cold intolerance
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Hypothyroidism
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Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
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Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
(damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke]) |
Can abduct but eyes, but can't look laterally |
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Continuous "machinery" heart murmur
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PDA
(close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol) |
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Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
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Myxedema (hypothyroidism, Graves' disease)
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Dark purple skin/ mouth nodules
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Kaposi's sarcoma
(usu AIDS pts [gay men]: assoc w/HHV-8) |
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Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
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Kussmaul breathing
(diabetic ketoacidosis) |
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Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
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Pellagra
(niacin [VitB3] deficiency) |
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
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Wet beriberi
(thiamine [VitB1] deficiency) |
With just polyneuropathy -- dry beriberi |
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Dog or cat bite resulting in infxn
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Pasturella multocida
(cellulitis at inoculation site) |
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Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
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Sjögren's syndrome
(autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands) |
"Can't see, can't spit, can't climb up shit" Crude, but effective. |
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Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, Fe-deficiency anemia
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome
(may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) |
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Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
(collagen defect, usu type III) |
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Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
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Virchow's node
(abdominal metastasis) |
Usually in late stage of cancer |
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Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
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Sézary syndrome
(cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) Mycosis fungoides |
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Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
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Chvostek's sign
(hypoCa) |
Another sign of hypoCa: aflatent tetany. Trousseau's sign - carpal spasm when blood pressure cuff is tightened |
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Fat, female, forty, & fertile
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Acute chololithiasis
(bile duct blockage) |
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Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following Abx treatment for syphilis
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
(rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release) |
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Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
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Measles
(Morbillivirus) |
The measles C's: Cough, Conjunctivitis, Coryza |
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Fever, night sweats, weight loss
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B symptoms
(lymphomas) |
Same symptoms as seen in TB |
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Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
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Peyronie's disease
(connective tissue disorder) |
"Peyronie" makes the penis look like "Macaroni" It's funny, because it's true. |
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Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
(HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive) |
HGPRT deficiency affects purine salvage pathway |
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Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
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Kayser-Fleischer rings
(Cu accumulation from Wilson's dz) |
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Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
(genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; inc. cancer risk) |
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Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
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Gaucher's dz
(glucocerebrosidase deficiency) |
"crinkled tissue paper" cytoplasm |
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Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
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Alport's syndrome
(type IV collagen mutation) |
Mnemonic: ABCDE Alport's syndrome Blood in pee, Basket weave pattern on basement membrane, in Boys (X-linked) Collagen defect (type IV) - COL 4A5 on X chromosome Deafness Eye defects |
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Hypercoagulability
(leading to migrating DVTs & vasculitis) |
Trousseau's sign
(adenocarinoma of pancreas or lung) |
Trousseau's sign of MALIGNANCY Not to be confused with Trousseau's sign of hypocalcemia |
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Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
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Klüver-Bucy syndrome
(bilateral amygdala lesion) |
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Hypertension, hypoK, metabolic acidosis
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Conn's syndrome
(1° hyperaldosteronism) |
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Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
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"Blue bloater"
(chronic bronchitis - hyperplasia of mucous cells) |
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Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
(2 etiologies: one painful, one painless) |
Nonpainful: chancre
(1° syphilis, Treponema pallidum) Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) |
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Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
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Niemann-Pick dz
(genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency) |
What other Niemann-Pick sign did we see in this flashcard set? Hint: retina |
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Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
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Cori's dz
(debranching enzyme deficiency) |
Impaired glycogenolysis -> hypoglycemia Different from Von-Gierke: In Cori's, gluconeogenesis is intact! |
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Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, & structural heart defect
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Edwards' syndrome
(trisomy 18) |
The give-away is the rocker-bottom feet - but this is present in Edwards' AND Patau's. Both also have congenital heart disease, microcephaly, severe mental retardation and early death (< 1 yr) Patau's has lots of Ps: cleft Palate/lip, holoProsencephaly, Polydactyly Edwards' - micrognathia (small jaw) & clenched hands |
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Jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
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Charcot's triad 2
(ascending cholangitis) |
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Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Similar finding in lung or cervix squamous cell carcinoma |
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Large rash with bull's-eye appearance
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Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite
(Lyme disease: Borrelia) |
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Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
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Epidural hematoma
(middle meningeal artery rupture) |
After injury, patient seems to recover (lucid interval). As the intracranial bleed increases pressure on the brain, symptoms arise. |
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Male child, recurrent infxns, no mature B cells
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Bruton's disease
(X-linked agammaglobulinemia) |
The B disease: Bruton's in Boys lacking B cells get recurrent Bacterial infections |
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Mucosal bleeding & prolonged bleeding time
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
(defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa) |
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Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
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Gardner's syndrome
(subtype of FAP) |
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Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) & necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Wegener's syndrome
(c-ANCA positive) Goodpasture's syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies) |
Wegener's presents more in upper airways. Goodpasture's affects the air sacs (where basement membrane is available). |
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Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
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Erb-Duchenne palsy
(superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip") |
Other causes of this palsy: neck hyperextension, clavicle fracture |
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No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
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Sheehan's syndrome
(pituitary infarction) |
Blood loss -> hypovolemic shock -> infarction |
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Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
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Multiple sclerosis
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The "other" Charcot's triad: SIN Scanning speech Intention tremor Nystagmus |
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Oscillating slow/fast breathing
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations
(central apnea in CHF or inc. intracranial pressure) |
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Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
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Cold agglutinin dz
(autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae or infectious mononucleosis) |
IgM agglutinates then precipitates, causing thrombosis and hemolysis Can test at bedside - draw blood into tube w/anticoagulant. Place in ice bath, look for coagulation. When taken out & warmed (as when held in a fist), blood will again anticoagulate. |
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Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
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Raynaud's syndrome
(vasospasm in extremities) |
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Painful, raised red lesions on palms & soles
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Osler's node
(infective endocarditis) |
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Painless erythematous lesions on palms & soles
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Janeway lesions
(infective endocarditis) |
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Painless jaundice
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Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
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Can possibly cause an early (and life-saving!) diagnosis |
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Palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain (child)
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Henoch-Schönlein purpura
(IgA vasculitis affecting skin & kidneys) |
Often follows a URI Triad: Skin (purpura); Joints (migratory arthralgias); GI (pain, hemorrhage, melena) |
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Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
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Wermer's syndrome
(MEN 1) |
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Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
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"Pink puffer"
(emphysema: centroacinar [smoking]; panacinar [α1-antitrypsin deficiency]) |
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Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
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Fanconi's syndrome
(proximal tubular reabsorption defect) NOT Fanconi's anemia! |
Dec. solute reabsorption -> acidosis, decreased bicarb, sodium & glucose |
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Positive anterior "drawer sign"
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ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injury
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Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
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Horner's syndrome
(sympathetic chain lesion) |
Possible cause: Pancoast's tumor |
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Pupil accommodates but doesn't react
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Argyll Robertson pupil, prostitute's pupil
(neurosyphilis) |
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Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper respiratory infxn)
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Guillain-Barré syndrome
(autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy) |
Ascending paralysis - ONLY motor |
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Rash on palms/soles
(3) |
2° syphilis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Coxsackie A virus (hand foot & mouth disease) |
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Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
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Job's syndrome
(hyper-IgE syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality) It's a good idea to remember both names for this |
"Unusual" eczema - because you usually don't see it on the trunk. |
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Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic pts
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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"Currant jelly" sputum - Klebsiella "Rusty-colored" sputum - Strep pneumoniae "Current jelly" stool - intussusception (in children) |
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Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
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Paget's disease of the breast
(represents underlying neoplasm) |
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Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
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PNH (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)
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Possible etiology: deficiency of CD55 or CD59 leaves blood cells susceptible to complement-mediated lysis |
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Renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
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von Hippel-Lindau dz
(dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation, deletion on 3p) |
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Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
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Parkinson's disease
(nigrostriatal dopamine depletion) TRAP |
"Pill rolling tremor" |
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile form: cardiomegaly), exercise intolerance
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Pompe's dz
(lysosomal glucosidase deficiency) |
POMPE's ruins the PUMP (heart, liver, & muscle) Early death |
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Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
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Roth's spots
(bacterial endocarditis) |
Other signs: Janeway lesions Osler nodes Splinter hemorrhages |
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Severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome
(congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
Jaundice in a neonate has a HUGE differential |
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Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
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McBurney's sign
(appendicitis) |
Due to peritoneal irritation |
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Short stature, inc. incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
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Fanconi's anemia
(genetically inherited; often progresses to AML) NOT Fanconi's syndrome! |
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Single palm crease
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Simian crease
Down syndrome (trisomy 21) - most common cause |
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Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
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Kartagener's syndrome
(dynein defect affecting cilia) |
Cilia help organize organs in the embryo |
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Skin hyperpigmentation
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Addison's dz
(1° adrenocortical insufficiency of autoimmune or infectious etiology) |
ONLY in primary disease - not secondary! (Think why this is) More commonly an autoimmune than infectious cause |
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Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
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Becker's muscular dystrophy
(X-linked, defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's) |
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Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
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Koplik spots
(measles) |
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Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals
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Condylomata lata
(2° syphilis) |
These lesions are INCREDIBLY infectious |
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Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
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Bacterial endocarditis
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"Strawberry tongue"
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Scarlet fever - if presents with a rash
Kawasaki disease - affects oral mucosa, possibly without the tongue Toxic shock syndrome - less likely cause |
Strawberry tongue is NOT glossitis! Glossitis = smooth glossy tongue, with loss of papilla. Seen in vitamin deficiencies |
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart dz, horseshoe kidney
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Turner syndrome
(XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema) |
Common congenital heart defect - coarctation of aorta |
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Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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Gout/podagra
(hyperuricemia) |
Hyperuricemia is NOT gout; it predisposes to gout. Tophi - urate crystals surrounded by inflammation |
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Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
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Scurvy
(Vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis) |
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Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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Osteoarthritis
(osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes]) |
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Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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Aortic valve stenosis
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No sound during isovolumetric contraction, only during ejection. In mitral or tricuspid regurgitation, murmur will be heard throughout systole |
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Thyroid & parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
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Sipple's syndrome (MEN 2A)
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Thyroid cancer likely to be medullary. A different adrenal tumor may be present. |
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Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski's sign
(UMN lesion) |
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Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
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Bell's palsy
(LMN CN VII palsy) |
Entire CN VII lesion If bilateral: either Guillain-Barre or Lyme Disease |
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Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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Reiter's syndrome
(reactive arthritis assoc with HLA-B27) |
"Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree" PAIR - mnemonic for seronegative spondylarthropathies |
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Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
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Hemangioma
(benign, but assoc with Sturge-Weber syndrome) |
Vascular birthmarks (e.g., strawberry hemangiomas) often regress with age - this one will not! |
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Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome
(alcoholic and bulimic pts) |
Boerhaave - esophageal rupture. Worse than lacerations. |
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"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
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Chronic end-stage renal dz
|
From low urine flow (stasis) in tubule |
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Vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis
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Schwartzman reaction
(following second exposure to endotoxin) |
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WBC casts in urine
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Acute pyelonephritis
|
From infection of kidneys - NOT cystitis Cystitis would show WBCs in urine, but not casts. |
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Wt loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
Hint: likely to be in an older male |
Whipple's dz
(Tropheryma whippelii) |
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"Worst headache of my life"
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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