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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reactions in Mitochondria
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**breakdown/energy pathways
MITO FATO: FA oxidation Acetyl-CoA production TCA cycle Oxidative phosphorylation BOTH: HUGs take 2 Heme synthesis (1st and last steps- ALA synthase; ferrochetalase) Urea cycle (CPSI, OTC) Gluconeogenesis (Pyr carboxylase (pyruvate to oxaloacetate) |
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Reactions in cytoplasm
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**synthesis reactions
Glycolysis, FA synthesis, HMP shunt, Protein synthesis (RER), steroid synthesis (SER) Both: Heme synthesis Urea cycle Gluconeogenesis |
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Rate-limiting step:
Glycolysis |
phosphofructokinase-1
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Rate-limiting step:
Gluconeogenesis |
Fructose-1,6,bisphosphatase
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Rate-limiting step:
TCA |
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
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Rate-limiting step:
Glycogen synthesis |
Glycogen synthase
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Rate-limiting step:
Glycogenolysis |
Glycogen phosphorylase
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Rate-limiting step:
HMP shunt |
G6PD
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
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Rate-limiting step:
De novo pyrimidine synthesis |
Carbamoyl phosphate synthestase II (in cytosol)
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Rate-limiting step:
De novo purine synthesis |
Glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase
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Rate-limiting step:
Urea cycle |
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
(mitochondria) |
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Rate-limiting step:
FA synthesis |
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)
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Rate-limiting step:
FA oxidation |
Carnitine acyltransferase I
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Rate-limiting step:
Ketogenesis |
HMG-CoA synthase
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Rate-limiting step:
Cholesterol synthesis |
HMG-CoA reductase (target for statins)
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Rate-limiting step:
Heme synthesis |
Aminolevulinic Acid synthase (ALA synthase)
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Rate-limiting step:
Bile acid synthesis |
7-alpha hydroxylase
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