ravilya preventive cr screening

1.effective intervention must
exist,
2 course of events after a positive test result must be discussed with and be acceptable
to the patient.
3 the screening test must be valid; i.e., the test must have been
shown in a randomized, double-blinded trial to decrease overall mortality in the screened
population.
For a screening test to be recommended for regular use it has to be extensively studied to insure
that all of the above requirements are met.

The three malignancies for which regular screening
is recommended are cancers of the colon, breast, and cervix.

In the patient with no significant family history of colon cancer, screening should begin at the age
of 50. The choices are annual fecal occult blood testing, sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, and barium
enema. The preferred screening modality for colon cancer is colonoscopy every 10 years.

any positive finding even polip -- do colonoscopy to rule out the cr

Patients who have a single first-degree relative with colorectal cancer diagnosed before the age
of 60, or who have multiple first-degree relatives with colon cancer at any age, should undergo
colonoscopy starting either at the age of 40 or at an age that is 10 years younger than the age at
which the youngest affected relative was diagnosed, whichever age occurs earlier.

In this group
of high-risk patients, colonoscopy should be repeated every 5 years.

Patients who have a single first-degree relative with colorectal cancer diagnosed before the age
of 60, or who have multiple first-degree relatives with colon cancer at any age, should undergo
colonoscopy starting either at the age of 40 or at an age that is 10 years younger than the age at
which the youngest affected relative was diagnosed, whichever age occurs earlier.

In this group
of high-risk patients, colonoscopy should be repeated every 5 years.

1The three tests used to screen for breast cancer are mammography, manual breast examination, and
self-breast examination.

2 Mammography with or without clinical breast examination is recommended every 1-2 years from age 40 and over.

3 Breast examination performed by a physician is recommended for all women from ages 20 to 30, every 3 years

4 Patients with very strong family histories of breast cancer should
receive prophylactic tamoxifen.

This is defined as multiple first-degree relatives.

1 The screening test of choice for the early detection of cervical cancer is the Papanicolaou smear
(the "Pap" test).

Women should be tested annually, starting 3 years after they become sexually active or at the age of 21, whichever comes first.

3 If the patient is <30, screen annually if using conventional methods or every 2 years if using liquid-based methods

4 If the patient is ~30,
screen every 2 years if >3 normal annual PAP smears.

women using steroids, immunodeficient, after organ transplant, after exposure of dyethliestrol, HIV POSITIVE-- SHOULD GET EVERY YEAR PAP SMEAR EVEN THEY HAVE 3 Consequent negative paps

screen for prostate cr- any man at 50- offer digital rectal exam and PCA blood test.
man in high risk- AA, or with first degree relative-- do screen from 40