Respiratory, antimicrobial and neuro

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY Stablize the membranes of lysosomes. Prevent the release of enzymes that produce infllammatory process. Inhibit leukotriene sysnthesis and reduce bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion.

Minimal with inhalants. Cushing's syndrome, increased bone breakdown/osteoporosis, bruisability, decreased wound healing, hyperglycemia and redistribution of fat stores

Good oral care, monitor for infection, provide safety, keep pt's blood sugars well-controlled.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
Inhibits pathway to leukotrienes which blocks inflammatory action. Used for prevention

Minimal, increased liver enzymes

Food impairs absorption, take 1-2 hours before/after eating

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
Inhibit the relase of histamine, leukotrienes and other mediators of inflammation from mast cells. Inhibit recruitment of inflammatory cells. Used for prevention

Cough, hoarseness, nasal congestion, sneezing, bad taste in mouth, dry mouth and throat

Good oral care

BRONCHODILATORS
Stimulates beta 2 receptors, relaxes broncial smooth muscle and increase tital volume and vital capacity of lungs, stimulates heart.

Restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, headache, tachycardia, arrhythias, hypo or hypertension, nausea and vomiting, dry mouth and throat, tremors, weakness, hyperglycemia

Good oral care, pts should be told to report any chest pain or changes in HR/rhythm. Isuprel=red/pink salvia

BRONCHODIALTORS
Blocks actions of acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation and reduces respiratory secretions.

Nausea and vomiting, dry mouth

BRONCHODILATORS
Stimulates cardiac muscle and produces diuresis. Inhibits mast cell degranulation and the release of histamine. Increases cAMP and slightly relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi. used as a second or third line drug

CNS excitation= restlessness, irritablity, headache, anxiety, insomnia, convulsions,, tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypotension if infused too quickly nausea and vomiting, anoriexia, abd cramping, diuresis

Monitor HR, therapetuic levels= 10-20 MCG/mL

Reduces thickness/stickiness of pulmonary secretions, decreases viscosity of secretions, allowing pt to cough them up

CNS= dizziness, drowsiness, CV= hypotensions, GI=nausea and vomitting, Resp.= running nose and bronchospasm

Suppresses cough by depressing the cough center in the medulla. Just relieves coughing symptoms, doesn't treat the cause

Drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, nausea, constipation

Stimulate alpha 1 receptors in nasal arterioles, restricks blood flow and reduces leakage of fulid from capillaries into tissue, relieve "stuffiness" but not the cause

Simulates CVS, CNS, excessive dryness, rebound congestion with topical form

Inhibits smooth muscle response to histamines, blocks constriction of bronchioles. Suppresses exocrine gland secretion, specifically decreases salivary secretion, suppresses cough center in the medulla

Dizziness, sedation urinary retention, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia, dry mouth and constipation

Caution patients to exercise caution when driving and doing other hazardous activities if sedated. Dry mouth can be relieved by sucking hard, sugarless candy. Take with meals to reduce GI upset. Do not mix with alcohol.

Inhibit synthesis of bacterial cell wall; weaken cell

Allergic reactions, development of resistance, GI distress

Destroy bacterial cell walls

Pseudomembranous colitis(diarrhea), nephrotoxity, allergic reactions, coagulation disorders with high doses, neurotoxicity if renal failure

Discontinue if diarrhea occurs, monitor kidney fuction, watch for bleeding and monitor PT and PTT time for patients. oral should be taken with food and stored in the fridge.

Destroy bacterial cell wall, used for serious infections only

Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, thrombophlebitis, red man syndrome

Infuse slowly, over at least 60 minutes to prevent ototoxicity and red swlling and pain, rotate IV sites for infusion, montior vanco levels assess for hearing loss

Binds with ribosomes and inhibts protein synthesis in bacteria.

Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity

monitor for tinnitus, advise to stop medication of symptoms occur, monitor kidney fuction, tell client to report significant decrease in urine output, monitor for allergic reaction

Prevent protein synthesis

Oto, neuro, nephrotoxicity, GI irritation, photosensivity, hemo problems, thrombophlebitis, pregnancy category X due to binding of Ca, suprainfection of the bowel, decreases efficiency of oral contraceptives.

Monitor for nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, input and ouput, take precautions when in sun, women on the pill need to use another form of BC

Prevent protein synthesis

Mycin mouse, GI upset

Inhibit enzyme necessary for bacteria DNA replication, broad spectrum, use for a variety of infections.

GI upset, achilles tendon rupture, suprainfection

Decrease med if client develops achilles tendon rupture, watch for signs of infection, administer slowly over 60 minutes

Broad-spectrum used for treatment of protozoal infections, H. pylori, prophylaxis for some surgical patients

GI discomfort, darking of urine, CNS symptoms of numbness, lack of muscle movement, seizures

Stop med if CNS symptoms occur, do not drink with alcohol, be aware it inactivates warfarin

Used for treatment for UTI, inhibits bacterial synthesis of folic acid, the building block of its DNA

Stevens Johnson syndrome, bone marrow depression, blood dyscrasias, photosensitivity, crystalluria, hepatitis, folic acid deficienc, false + urine glucose test results

Do not give to people with allergies to sulfa, thiazide or loop diuretics, get baselines CDC levels and observe bleeding, maintain adequate oral fluid intake, monitor liver function test, protect from the sun

Inhibits growth of mycobacteria specifically by preventing synthesis of mycolic acid in cell wall, indicated for active and latent tb.

Peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicty

Administer 50-200mg of Vit B6 daily to prevent neuropathies, monitor LFTs, avoid alcohol, be aware that compliance with regimen may be difficult to achieve with some patients, take 1 hr before meals or 2 hr after

Inhibits protein synthesis, FOR TB

Orange discoloration of body fluids, hepatotoxity, mild GI discomfort, accelerates metabolism of coumadin, oral contraceptives and HIV meds

Inform clients that urine, saliva, sweat and tears will be an orange color, monitor LFTs, avoid alcohol, increased doses of HIV meds may be needed, use another form of BC

Acts on fungal cell membranes to cause cell death, can either be fungistatic or fungicial

Allergic reactions, thrombophlebits, nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, bone marrow suppression.

Watch IV site, rotate injection sites, obtain baseline kidney fuction and monitor weekly, monitor lyts, obtain baseline CBC, and hematocrit, Amphotericin is used for severe life threatening infections

ANTIVIRAL
Inhibita viral DNA replication

Nephrotoxic, GI distress, CNS problems, phlebitis

Infuse IV slowly over 1 hour, monitor kidney function, monitor IV site

ANTIVIRAL
Reduces HIV symptoms by inhibiting DNA synthesis and thus viral replication

Bone marrow suppression, lactic acidosis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatomegaly

Obtain baseline CBS and platelets and monitor every 4 weeks, monitor for signs of lactic acidosis such as hyperventilation, nausea, abd pain, take with food to reduce GI symptoms, monitor liver enzymes, tell client to watch for bleeing and bruising and fever.

SEIZURES
Stops spread of seizure activity by stabilizing neuronal cell membranes, Used in treatment of major forms of epilepsy

Lethargy, gingival hyperplasia(softening and overgrowth of gums), rash, hirtutism, dysrhthmias, hypotension

Monitor for CNS effects, maintain good oral hygiene, stip med if rash develops, instruct client to report changes r/t endocrine effects, therapeutic blood levels must be maintained to avoid toxicity, every 3 months monitor

Inhibits spread of seizure activity by raising the threshhold for neuronal firing in CNS, used in treatment of partial and general tonic-clonic seizures.

Sedation, neurotoxicity, respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, hypotension, hyporeflexia=> coma, death

Instruct client to notify provider if negative CNS effects occur, advise to stop taking med if toxic side effects develop, may need to resp function as nurse, monitor VS

Potentiates effects of GABA, lowers excessive neuronal firing, used in treatment of partial seizures and Bipolar

Few and mild, sedative effects

Dose should be gradually increased, administer at bedtime, watch for allergic reactions

Used often for neuropathic pain, used for control of partial seizures, causes drowsiness

Used for partial, generalized and absence seizures and bipolar disorder

Anti-spasmatic agent that reduces striated muscle contraction and blocks peripheral neuromuscluar transmission by reduction acetylcholine release. Used often in OB to prevent/treat preclampisa

Calcium Gluconate

Hypotension, flushing, disorientation, thirst, hyporeflexioa

Assess deep tendon reflexes, respirations, serum level

Inhibits nerve impluses by stablizing membrane limits influx of Na ions that crosses membrane in motor cortex, treat partial and tonic-clonic seizures, bi-polar

double vision, vertigo, staggering gait, headache, blood dyscrasias, fluid overload, skin disorders

Administer at low doses initially and at bedtime so pt isn't sedated during the day, obtain baseline CBC and monitor, observe for signs of bleeding, monitor for edema and decrease urine output and HTN, treat mild reactions with anti-inflammatories but stop med if reaction is severe, avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants

raises seiure threshhold by reducing specific Ca channel currents only indicated for absense of seizures

GI irritation, mild sleepiness, lightheadedness

Adminisiter with food and avoid hazardous activities

Precursor to dopamine that an enzyme in the stomach converts into active form of dopamine that the brain can use; however, because it must be absorbed through stomach, not much actually reaches the brain

Lowers the effectiveness of many other drugs, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dyskinesia/akinesia, orthostatic hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, behavior disturbances

Instruct pt on signs of postural hyptension and instruct them to sit down until it passes, monitor VS, ECG and administer antipsychotics as necessary if pt develops, cintraindicated in malignant melanoma

Coated with carbdopa, prevent stomach enzyme from breaking it down, reaches brain, fewer side effects, less is left in the peripheral system and more overall reaches brain

Far less severe side effects

Blocks Ach at muscarinic receptors, which assists in maintain the balance between dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain

nausea and vomiting, dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary rentention, constipation

Take drug with food, monitor I/O to assess for urinary retention, advise client to notify provider if symptoms of blurred vision occur because this can be an indication of increased IOP

Act directly on DA receptors to stimulate them

Daytime sleepiness, orthostatic hypotension, psychosis, shuffling gait, nausea

advise client to notify provider immediately if a sudden inability to stay awake occurs, avoid other cns depressants such as alcohol

Treatment for Myathenia Gravis, increases Ach by blocking cholinesterase, which enhances nerve transmission, used to improve muscle strength in patients with MG

Excessive muscarine stimulation, increase GI motitlity increased GI secretion, bradycardia, urinary urgency, cholinergic crisis

Contraindicated in asthma, CVD, PUD, seizures, hyperthyroidism, side effects of muscarine stimulation can be treated with atropine, provide resp support thourhg ventilation and O2 if cholinergic crisis occurs

Aids in decreased relapse rate

Flu-like symptoms reaction to injections, hepatoxoicty, bone marrow suppression

Monitor LFTs, assess for infections

Cytotoxic drug that decreased neurologic disability by inhibiting DNA replication

Cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, significan toxicity risk

Monitor ECGs and for infection watch for toxicity-monitor blood levels

Muscle relaxant, decreases CA release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells, causing them to relax. used to treat spasms associated with SCI, MS, CP

Visual disturbances, hepatoxicity,risk for dependence

Monitor LFTs, start at low doses, watch for signs of toxicity, avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants

Muscle Relaxant, Works in CNS to reduce excessive reflex activity and allow muscle relaxation while also enahncing GABA, used to treat muscle spasms in MS, anxiety and panic disorders, alcohol withdrawal

Obtain baseline LFTs and monitor, start a low dose and tell them not to discontinue abrublty, avoid alcohol and other cns depressants

Drowsiness, n/v, headache, visual disturbances, hepatoxtoxity, risk for dependence

Treat Alzheimers, elevate Ach concentration in cerebral cortext by inhibitng enzyme that breaks it donw

N/V/D, hepatotoxicity, hyptension, ataxia

Monitor lfts, watch for negative musculoskeletal symptoms, understand and educate patient/family that this does not cure alzhimers but slows its progression for cognitive and behavioral improvement