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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the site of gas exchange in the lungs?
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Alveolus
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What cells line the respiratory tract from the nasal cavity through the bronchi?
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Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
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What is the purpose of cilia in the respiratory tract?
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To move mucus towards the pharynx
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What cells secrete mucus?
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goblet cells
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What is the function of mucus in the respiratory tract?
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trap inhaled dust, pollen, bacteria
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Towards what area is all mucus propelled?
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Pharynx
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What is emphysema?
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a pulmonary condition in which elasticity of the lungs is lost?
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What is the physiological cause of emphysema?
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The structures supporting the alveoli are destroyed
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Name the first five anatomical structures of the lung area
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1. Visceral Pleura (glossy stuff on lungs)
2. Parietal Pleura (glossy stuff on ribs) 3. Pleural cavities (the cavities surrounding the lungs) 4. Mediastinum- (Region between the pleural cavities where the heart is) 5. Diaphragm (muscle beneath the lungs) |
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Name the structures of the respiratory tract
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1. Trachea (long part of cartilage rings)
2. Larynx (top of the trachea) 3. Thyroid cartilage (supports larynx, the higher one of the two) 4. Cricoid cartilage (lower of the two) 5. Right primary bronchus 6. Left primary bronchus |
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Name the lobes of the Left and Right cat lung
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1. Left = Anterior, middle, posterior lobes
2. Right = Anterior, middle, posterior, mediastinal lobes |
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Name the lobes of the Left and Right human lung
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1. Left- Superior and inferior
2. Superior, middle, inferior |
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Normal lung volumes are dependent on what three factors?
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Age, gender, height
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What is the tidal volume (and averages)
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amount of air moved in or out during normal breathing (.5 L)
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What is the ERV?
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amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal exhalation (1.0 L, 0.7 L)
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What is IRV?
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the amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal inhalation (3.3, 1.9 L)
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What is RV?
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the amount of air left in the lungs at all times (1.2, 1.1)
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What is Vital Capacity?
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maximum amount of air which can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation. TV + ERV + IRV (4.8, 3.1)
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How do you calculated predicted VC?
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.052(h) - .022(a) - 3.6 for males
.041(h) - .018(a) - 2.69 |
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Draw a spirometer graph and label IRV, ERV, VC, and Tv
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cool
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What is an obstructive pulmonary disorder?
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obstruction of the bronchioles (asthma and chronic bronchitis)
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What is asthma?
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constriction of bronchiole smooth muscle
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What is chronic bronchitis?
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mucus secretions which block the bronchioles
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what is a restrictive pulmonary disorder?
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actual damage to the lung tissue or supporting tissue. (pulmonary fibrosis, polio, pneumothorax, kyphosis, scoliosis)
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What is pulmonary fibrosis?
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a group of diseases resulting in scarring of lung tissue from a build up of foreign particulate matter
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What is the minimum FEV1 for healthy person?
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75%
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What does a low FEV1 indicate?
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obstructive pulmonary disorder
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What does a low VC indicated?
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restrictive pulmonary disorder
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What are the two types of pulmonary disorders?
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restrictive and obstructive
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If a patient has restrictive pulmonary disease, what would you predict about his VC and FEV1?
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His VC will be lower but his FEV1 will be fine
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What is the predicted VC for a 5'4", 43 year old male?
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3.91L
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