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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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crossword: states that ionizing radiation is more effective against cells which are highly mitotic, immature, and have a long dividing future.
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law of bergonie and tribondeau
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crossword: cell that is unable to continue repeated divisions after being irradiated
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reproductive failure
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crossword: the unit of radiation absorbed dose
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RAD
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crossword: division of biology concerned with effects of ionizing radiation on living things
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radiobiology
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crossword: a result of ionizing and excitation, an interaction that happens directly on a critical biologic macromolecule.
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direct effect
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crossword: reddening of the skin
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erythema
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crossword: a cell interaction that occurs when the initial ionizing incident takes place on a distant noncritical molecule, which then transfers the ionization of energy to another molecule.
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indirect effect
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crossword: the causing of genetic mutation by radiation
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mutagenasis
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crossword: the capability of a material to give off rays or particles from its nucleus
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radioactivity
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the unit of dose equivalent or occupational exposure
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Rem
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a unit of radiation exposure descriptive of x- or gamma radiation, the quantity of which would produce a charge
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Roentgen
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what states that stem cells are more radiosensitive than mature cells.
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the law of bergonie and tribondeau
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what researcher died as a result of the cumulative effects of radiation exposure
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clarence dally
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crossword: possessing two sets of chromosomes
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diploid
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crossword: the halves into which the chromosome is longitudinally divided, which are held together by the centromere and move to opposite poles of a dividing cell during anaphase.
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chromatid
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crossword: the first stage of mitosis or meiosis when chromosomes become visible
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prophase
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crossword: the gap or growth period following the replication of DNA and prior to mitosis
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G2 phase
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crossword: a complex organic protein that accelerates chemical reactions
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enzyme
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crossword: any living entity
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organism
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crossword: cell division of germ cells, which consists of two cell divisions but only one replication of DNA
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meiosis
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crossword: the stage of mitosis where chromosomes are arranged
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metaphase
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crossword: RNA that binds amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
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transfer RNA
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crossword: the destructive phase of metabolism, in which complex substances are changed into simpler substances
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catabolism
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crossword: nucleic acid that controls protein synthesis
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ribonucleic acid
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crossword: the period between cell division known as the resting stage, when DNA is being synthesized.
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interphase
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crossword: a two-layered membrane that surrounds the cell nucleus
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nuclear membrane
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crossword: the basic unit of heredity that has a specific location on chomosome
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gene
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crossword: the linear thread of a cell nucleus
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chromatin
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crossword: period of synthesis or replication
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s phase
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crossword: a stage in mitosis and meiosis between metaphase and telophase in shich chromatids migrate toward opposite poles of the cell
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anaphase
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crossword: RNA that carries amino acids to ribosomes for assisting in protein synthesis
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ribosomal RNA
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crossword: having half the diploid number of chromosomes found in somatic cells
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haploid
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crossword: any chromosome that is other than the sex chromosome
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autosome
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crossword: the gap or growth period following the replication of DNA and prior to mitosis
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G2
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crossword: a molecule created by combining two or more of the same molecules
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polymer
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crossword: the construction phase of metabolism, when a cell takes the substances from blood that are necessary for repair and growth and converts them into cytoplasm
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anabolism
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crossword: spherical body in the cell nucleus that holds nuclear RNA
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nucleolus
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crossword: the final stage of mitosis or meiosis during which there is reconstruction of the nuclear membrane and cell cytoplasm divides, giving birth to two daughter cells.
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telophase
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crossword: a colloidal structure of organic and inorganic materials and water that form the living cell
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protoplasm
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crossword: _____ assists in growth, construct new tissues, and repair injured or worn out cells
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proteins
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crossword: type of cell division involving somatic cells in which a parent cell divides to create two daughter cells that contain the same chromosome number and DNA content as the parent.
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mitosis
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crossword: the normal diploid or 2n number in humans is __
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46
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crossword: a polymer composed of deoxyribonucleotides arranged in a double helix
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DNA
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crossword: a chromosome mutation in which either one or both segments of a chromosome join to another chromosome
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duplication
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crossword: the mature male or female reproductive cell
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gamete
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crossword: a large molecule
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macromolecule
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crossword: RNA that exists in ribosomes and assists in protein sythesis
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messenger RNA
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crossword: meiosis is also called _____ _____
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reduction division
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crossword: any dose regardless of size which will produce a response
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non-threshold
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crossword: breakdown of water using radiation
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radiolysis
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crossword: graph of the relationship between radiation dose and observed response, in which any dose may have a potential effect and there is a direct relationship between radiation dose and observed response.
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linear nonthreshold
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crossword: letters that represent the first two letters of the patient's forst and last names in an experiment conducted by puck using uterine cervix cells to produce cell cultures
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HeLa
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crossword: slow down of cell division due to irradiation
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division delay
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crossword: an S-shaped type of dose-response relationship
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sigmoid
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crossword: graphical representation of relationship between radiation dose and observed response, in which the curve is linear or proportional at low doses, and becomes curvilinear at higher doses
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linear quadratic dose response
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crossword: a chromosomal effect that causes a loss of genetic material
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deletion
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crossword: the point where a stimulus starts to produce an effect
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threshold
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crossword: a comparison of how effective types of radiation are compared with x- and gamma-rays
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relative biologic effectiveness
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crossword: a mutation that occurs as a result from a change of a single DNA base pair, created by one nucleotide being exchanged for another
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translocation
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crossword: altering a chromosome by a portion of it transferring either to another chromosome or to another section of the same chromosome
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translocation
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crossword: a measure of the rate at which energy is deposited from ionizing radiation to soft tissue
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linear energy transfer (LET)
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crossword: a structural change or transformation of a chomosome that can be transmitted to offspring
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mutation
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crossword: a group of cells that perform a particular function
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system
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crossword: a graphical representation of observed effects compared with radiation dose
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dose-response relationship (curve)
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crossword: cell death occurring before mitosis
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interphase death
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crossword: the amount of reaction or response of a cell to radiation
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radiosensitivity
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crossword: mutation of chromosome causing it to become ring-shaped
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ring
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crossword: enhanced cell response due to aerobic conditions.
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Oxygen effect
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crossword: an atom that has an unpaired electron, making it highly reactive
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free radical
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crossword: assist in protein synthesis
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ribosomes
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crossword: what are four of the most radiosensitive cells
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lymphocytes, spermatogonia, erythroblasts, and intestinal crypt cells.
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crossword: ____ is defined as the dose of radiation that produces a given biologic response under anoxic conditions divided by the dose of radiation that produces the same biologic response under aerobic conditions
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OER (oxygen enhancement ratio)
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crossword: What molecule is most commonly acted upon directly by ionizing radiation to produce indirect effects
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water
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crossword: list 5 types of damage that can occur to a DNA molecule by ionizing radiation.
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*main-chain scission, one side rail broken
*main-chain scission, both side rails broken *main-chain scission, resulting in cross linking *rung breakage, causing bases to separate *a changing or loss of a base |
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crossword: at low doses of radiation, most cellular radiation damage is the result of ____
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point lesions
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crossword: according to target theory ___ is considered the critical target
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DNA
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crossword: on the outside
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acentric
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crossword: the second stage in the response to radiation exposure in which changes are taking place within the body system that may either result in death or recovery.
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latent
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crossword: depression of all blood cell counts
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cytopenia
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crossword: shrinking
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atrophy
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crossword: precursors for white blood cells
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myelocytes
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crossword: oily secretion
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sebaceous
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crossword: reduction in red blood cell counts
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anemia
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crossword: a measure of the amount of radiation a person received
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skin erythema dose
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crossword: the third stage in the response to radiation exposure in which body systems show signs and symptoms of exposure
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manifest
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crossword: redness and swelling at site of exposure
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inflammation
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crossword: swelling
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edema
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crossword: red blood cells with a life cycle of one day
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granulocytes
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crossword: supportive tissue of an organism
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stroma
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crossword: precursors for red blood cells
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erythroblasts
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crossword: formation of cataracts caused by exposure to radiation
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radiation cataractogenesis
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crossword: inflammation of blood vessels
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vasculitis
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crossword: reproductive cells of the male
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spermatogonia
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crossword: precurser cells for platelets
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megakaryocytes
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crossword: the relationship of signs and symptoms to a specific disease or trauma
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syndrome
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crossword: peeling skin
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desquamation
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crossword: reproductive cells of the female
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oogonia
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crossword: imperfection
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abberation
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crossword: open wound
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lesion
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crossword: radiosensitive cells that are a precurser to the population of villi cells
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crypts of lieberkuhn
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crossword: immature cells
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stem cells
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crossword: radiation dose necessary to affect 50% of a population
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SED50
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crossword: departure from normal
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anomaly
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crossword: pertaining to the development of blood
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hematopoietic
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crossword: having no reaction or ill effects of exposure to radiation
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radioresistant
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crossword: chromosome map
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karyotype
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crossword: the first stage in the response to radiation exposure
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prodromal
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crossword: hair loss
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alopecia
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crossword: middle layer of skin
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dermis
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crossword: a chromosome that has two centers or two centromeres
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dicentric
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crossword: outer layer of the skin
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epidermis
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crossword: sacs or cavities
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follicles
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crossword: inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord and brain
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meningitis
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crossword: tissue death
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necrosis
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crossword: reduction in the number or mature sperm cells
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maturation depletion
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crossword: nonreproductive cells
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somatic
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crossword: inner layer of skin
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subcutaneous
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crossword: what is the approximate human SED50
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600 rad
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crossword: what is the dose necessary to produce permanant sterility in the male and female human
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500-600 rads female
500 rads male |
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in what exposure range is death most likely a result of damage to the hemopoietic system
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200-1,000 rads
100-1,000 R |
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in what exposure range is death most likely a result of damage to the gastrointestinal system
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1,000-5,000 rads
600-10,000 R |
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what range of exposure does average survival time not dose dependent
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1,000-10,000R
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in what exposure range is death most likely a result of damage to the CNS
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>5,000 rad
>10,000 R |
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gonadal effects have been observed with doses as low as ___
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10 rad
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what is the human LD 50/60
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350 rads
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moist desquamation is known as _____ _____ for radiation therapy
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clinical tolerance
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what are known as "soft x-rays"
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grenz rays
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what is the average latent period
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15yrs
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what is the latent period for leukemia
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4-7yrs
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name a specific malignancy that has a threshold
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radiation induced skin CA
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in the first two weeks of pregnancy the response to radiation is likely to be ___ __ _____
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all-or-nothing
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the _____ trimester of pregnancy is the most radiosensitive
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first
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Question
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Answer
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what is the SED50 dose
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600 rads
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what is the epilation dose range
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300-700 rads
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what is the minimum dose for decreased lymphocytes
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10 rads
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what is the minimum dose for decreased neutrophils
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50 rads
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what is the min. whole body dose to cause hematologic depression.
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25 RADS
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a dose of ___ RADS can restrain or retard menstration.
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10
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what is the progression of the male germ cell (what are the names as it matures) and which stage is the most radiosensitive.
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"Spermatagonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm." Spermatagonia is most sensitive
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what is the progression of the female germ cell (what are the names as it matures) and which stage is the most radiosensitive.
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primordial follicle, mature follicle, corpus luteum, ovum. - mature follicle is most sensitive
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what is the most prevelent source of radiation to the U.S. population
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radon 54%
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what percentage of radiation exposure to the U.S. population is from medical x-rays.
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11%
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