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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phonological Awareness
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Oral English is composed of smaller units
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Phonemic Awareness
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Ability to distinguish the seperate phonemes (sounds) in a spoken words. /d/ /u/ /c/ /k/
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Phonics
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letter to sound correspondences (ph-f)
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Alphabetic Principle
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Speech sounds are represented by letters
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Phonemes
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Smallest units of speech
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Graphemes
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Letters that represent phonemes
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Onsets and Rimes
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Onset- initial consonant sound or consonant blend
Rime- vowel sound and any consonants that follow Onset Rime c - at spr - ing |
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Phonograms
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Rimes that have the same spelling
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Each syllable has what?
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Onset and rime
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What 5 steps are involved in teaching PHONOLOGICAL awareness?
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1. Word awareness
2. Syllable awareness 3. Word blending 4. Syllable blending 5. Onset & rime blending |
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How do you teach Word Awareness
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Have teacher hold up cards with one-syllable words, put them together individually to show them that words make up a sentence.
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How do you teach Syllable Awareness
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Have students clap their hands as they say each syllable in a word.
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How do you teach Word Blending
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Teacher shows a picture of a cow and boy. Teacher asks student what do you get when you put cow and boy together? The child should say cowboy.
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How do you teach Syllable Blending
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Teacher asks class "what word do we get if we put sis and ter together?"
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How do you teach Onset and Rime Blending
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The teacher would say the onset such /b/ and the rime, ank. The children have to put them together and say bank.
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How do you teach phonemic awareness? (6)
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1) Sound isolation
2) Sound identity 3) Sound blending 4) Sound substitution 5) Sound deletion 6) Sound segmentation |
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What is sound isolation?
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When a child is given a word and asked to tell which sound occurs at the beginning, middle, or end of the word.
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What is sound identity?
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A set of words that all share the same beginning, middle, or ending sound, but have no other shared sounds. (lake, light)
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What is sound blending?
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Brief pauses in between each sound. /b/ /a/ /t/
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What is sound substitution?
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Substituting one sound for another: bat, cat
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What is sound deletion?
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Words beginning with blends that will generate a new word if one sound is deleted: Snail, Nail
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What is sound segmentation?
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To isolate and identify the sounds in a spoken word.
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How do you help struggling readers and students with reading difficulties or disabilities?
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Focus on key skills, Reteach skills that are lacking, use a variety of examples to explain a concept, provide additional practice
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What is concepts about print?
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How letters, words, and sentences are represented in a written language
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What is letter recognition?
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Identifying both the upper and lowercase letters.
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What is alphabetic principle?
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Sounds are represented by letters.
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How do you teach concepts about print to students?
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Read aloud to students
Shared book experience (big book) Environmental print |
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how do you teach letter recognition, letter naming, and letter formation?
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Associate names and things with letters
Singing the Alphabet ABC books Practice writing both uppercase and lowercase letters and writing words Tactile and kinesthetic methods |
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What activity could you do to teach associating names and things with letters?
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Have teacher write on board the letter and have students stand under the letter that begins with their name.
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How can you teach letter recognition, letter naming, and letter formation using tactile and kinesthetic methods?
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Students could ake 3-D letters out of modeling clay or trace their fingers over cut out sand paper. They could also use shaving cream.
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How do you formally test for concepts about print?
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sands or stones book
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Consonant digraph
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two-letter combos that make one sound: ph, sh
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Consonant blends
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2 of 3 letter combos: spr,
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Vowel digraphs
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oa, ea
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Diphthongs
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glided sounds: oi in oil or oy in boy
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Precommunicative
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Shows no understanding that letters represent sounds
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Semiphonetic
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Student attempts to use letters to represent sounds
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Phonetic
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Letters represent sounds
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