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50 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Popliteus tendinitis is posterolateral knee pain that is worsened with what?
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Downhill running
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What is the role of the popliteus?
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Stabilize anterior translation of the femur on the tibia during downhill running
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How is popliteus tendinitis treated?
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1. PRICE
2. Friction massage 3. Stretching 4. Strengthening |
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Where is pain and tenderness located with pes anserinus bursitis?
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Anterior/inferior/medial knee
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Pes anserinus burisits is common with what biomechanical abnormality?
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Excessive pronation
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How is pes anserinus bursitis aggravated?
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Aggravated with running embankments (uphill foot)
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How is pes anserinus bursitis treated?
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1. PRICE
2. Modalities 3. Stretching of hamstrings and adductors 4. Foot orthotics |
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Shin splints can be caused by what three things?
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1. Periositis
2. Myositis 3. Tendinitis of the leg |
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Where is the pain and tenderness with anterior shin splints?
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Distal tibia along the lateral border (tibialis anterior origin)
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What is a predisposition of anterior shin splints?
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Tight heel cord with weak posterior tibialis
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When will the patient with anterior shin splints complain of pain?
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Slowing down after sprinting (heel strike - eccentric anterior tib to slow down plantar flexion)
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What tests are used to elicit pain in anterior shin splints?
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1. Resisted DF
2. Passive PF/eversion |
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How are anterior shin splints treated?
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1. PRICE
2. Modalities 3. Heel cord stretches 4. Anterior tibialis strengthening |
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Where is the pain and tenderness in medial shin splints?
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Distal tibia along the posteromedial border associated with excessive pronation (posterior tibialis)
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When will the patient with medial shin splints complain of pain?
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With banked running (uphill leg)
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What are the two structures associated with medial shin splints?
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1. Posterior tibialis tendon
2. Medial soleus |
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How is the posterior tibilalis tendon implicated in medial shin splints?
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1. Slows down pronation eccentrically
2. Pain with resisted PF and inversion |
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How is the medial soleus implicated in medial shin splints?
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1. Tight heelcord, must pronate to get over foot
2. Have pain with resisted PF with knee flexed |
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How are medial shin splints treated?
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1. PRICE
2. Modalities 3. Eccentric posterior tibialis strengthening 4. HC/soleus stretching 5. Orthotics |
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What are the three most common stress fractures in runners?
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1. Tibia
2. Fibula 3. Metatarsal |
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What are the three things that can cause stress fractures?
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1. Abrupt increases in mileage
2. Change in running surface 3. Another injury (blister) that changes gait |
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What is the patient with a stress fracture's main complaint?
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Point tenderness at fracture site
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What are the three clinical findings in a stress fracture?
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1. + Strike test - Strike heel sharply and pain will be elicited at fx
2. + X-rays - usually no crack shows, but callous will be evident 3. + Bone scan - only definitive diagnostic tool |
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What is the treatment of a stress fracture?
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1. Fracture management
2. Cannot run until healed 3. May bike or swim |
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With compartment syndrome, repetitive muscle contraction during exercise causes what?
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Increased intramuscular pressure
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What 3 things happen in compartment syndrome with an increase in intramuscular pressure?
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1. Muscle volume increases by 20%
2. Tissue pressure remains high within compartment 3. Ischemia results |
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How is compartment syndrome treated?
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1. Modify running
2. Decrease intensity 3. Subcutaneous fasciotomy (2 inches incision) |
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What 4 things is achille's tendinitis caused from?
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1. Tight heel cord
2. Tight hamstrings 3. Running uphill 4. Sudden dorsiflexion with gastrocnemius contracted (step in hole) |
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What is the patient's main complaint with Achille's tendonitis?
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1. Pain 1-2 inches above insertion on calcaneus at the muscultendinous junction
2. Worse with stair climbing or descension |
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What does a palpable nodule indicate in Achille's tendinitis?
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Tissue degeneration
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What is the treatment of an Achille's tendinitis?
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1. PRICE for 48 hours
2. Modalities 3. Stretching 4. Strengthening (Conc/ecc) 5. Orthotics |
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Plantar fasciitis is pain and tenderness usually at the origin of the calcaneus secondary to what?
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Inflammation from chronic traction on the plantar aponeurosis
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What is the patient with plantar fasciitis main complaint?
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Morning pain which is better after walking a few minute, or pain upon walking after a rest
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What are the three possible causes of plantar fasciitis?
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1. Excessive pronation
2. Cavus foot 3. Tight heel cords |
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How is plantar fasciitis treated?
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1. PRICE
2. Modalities 3. Plantar fascia stretch 4. Heel cord stretch 5. Orthotics 6. Friction massage |
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The toe box of a should should be ____ and ___.
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Wide and deep
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What is the role of the heel counter?
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Provide stability for STJ and Achille's
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What is the purpose of the variable width lacing system?
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Provide better fit
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What is the purpose of a slightly flared heel?
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Ankle control on uneven terrain
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What are the two types of outsoles?
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1. Straight
2. Curved |
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What is a straight last?
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Outsole that provides support and stability - better for pronators
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What is a curved last?
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Outsole that provides mobility and less rigid - better for supinators
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What are the two types of insoles?
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1. Slip
2. Board |
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What is a slip last?
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1. Material stitched along center of sole
2. Provides mobility and less rigid |
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What is a board last?
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1. Cardboard without stitching
2. Provides more support and stability |
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A pronator should ask for what two kinds of lasts?
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Straight last with board last
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A cavus or rigid foot should ask for what two kinds of lasts?
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Curved last with slip last
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What is the term for an external support, bracing, or shoe insert used to support biomechanical abnormalities or provide shock absorption?
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Orthotics
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A runner should never increase time or distance by what percent per week?
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>10% per week
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What six muscle groups should be a part of pre-run stretching?
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1. Achilles
2. Quads 3. Hamstrings 4. Hip abductors 5. Hip adductors 6. Low back |
