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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In late pregnancy, which hormones and proteins increase in concentration or number in the myometrium?
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-increase in estrogen secretion
-increase concentration of actin and myosin in uterus -increase in gap junctions -increase oxytocin and PGE receptors |
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What hormones in neonates stimulates lung maturation, increased liver glycogen levels, increase gluconeogenesis and increase in intestinal and digestive capacity?
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Cortisol stimulates many changes to prepare fetus for life as neonate.
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What is parturition?
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The process of birthing the fetus.
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What are the 4 phases of parturition?
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-Phase 1 Quiescence
-Phase 2 Activation -Phase 3 Stimulation -phase 4 involution |
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Which parturition phase involves cervical softening and unresponsive or "paralyzed" uterine contractions?
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Phase 1 Quiescence
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Which partuition phase involves appearance of PGE2 and PGF2a and increased expression of oxytocin receptors. Also called "cervical ripening" because this phase is preparing the uterus.
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Phase 2 Activation
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Which phase of partuition involves uterine contraction, cervical dilation and placental expulsion (Process of labor)?
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Phase 3 Stimulation
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Which phase of parturition involves involution of uterus, re-epithelialization, BREAST FEEDING and return to regular size and weight?
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Phase 4 Involution
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Phase 3 of partuition is also known as the Labor stage. There are 3 Labor substages, briefly describe each.
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1.) Cervical effacement and dilation (14 hours)
2.) fetal expulsion 3.) placental separation and expulsion |
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Which LABOR stage involves an increase in uterine contractions due to increased action of oxytocin and prostaglandins?
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Stage 1
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Which LABOR stage involves painful contractions, thinning of cervix, hypoxia and stretching of cervix and peritoneum?
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Stage 1
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Which LABOR stage involves rupture of the amniotic sac, VERY INTENSE contractions of uterus muscle and stressful compression of fetus?
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stage 2
Stage occurs quickly |
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Which LABOR stage involves the expulsion of the umbilical cord and afterbirth?
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Stage 3
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What hormone induces lobuloalveolar growth of mammary gland during pregnancy/postpartum?
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Prolactin
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Prolactin along with what 2 other hormones work together to stimulate milk protein production?
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Cortisol and insulin work with prolactin to stimulate transcription of the genes that encode milk proteins
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Describe the way in which prolactin is secreted by the pituitary.
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Prolactin is usually inhibited by dopamine from hypothalamus, however when you suck on the titty it will inhibit dopamine release, thus increase the secretion of prolactin.
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Compare and contrast breast development during puberty regarding Estrogen and progesterone.
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Estrogen stimulates creation of ducts and fat
Progesterone develops secretory lobules and alveoli |
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Does high estrogen during pregnancy inhibit or promote milk letdown/
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It inhibits milk letdown. After birth, estrogen levels decrease and it allows milk to be released.
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What are the components of breast milk?
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Short chain FA
Sugar (lactose) Proteins (casein) Electrolytes |
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What does prolactin do specifically?
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It stimulates a Janus kinase receptor to stimulate the production of milk lactose, casein and lipids.
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T/F
The more milk you make, the more prolactin that will be produced? |
True
increasing milk production will increase prolactin |
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What hormones is responsible for milk ejection?
How does it work? |
Oxytocin
Causes contraction of alveolar myoepithelial cells |
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What hormones augments or promotes oxytocin action?
Which hormones block oxytocin action/ |
Estrogen promotes
Catecholamines block |
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Explain the effects of "sucking:".
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Sucking inhibits GnRH release and suppresses LH and FSH release. May prevent ovulation and reduce fertility.
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