- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What do peracute neurological signs suggest?
Slow developing signs? |
trauma or disc extrusion?
degenerative, neoplastic or metabolic changes |
|
What are signs of upper motor neuron damage?
|
paralysis
normal to increased reflexes normal to increased muscle tone minimal disuse atrophy |
|
What are signs of lower motor neuron damage?
|
paralysis
reduced or no reflexes muscular hypotonia severe muscle atrophy |
|
What signs will you see in an animal wit a lesion at L5 - L7?
|
lower motor neuron signs to the sciatic nerve
|
|
When testing a patellar reflex, that position is the animal in?
how many times should this reflex be tested? What nerve is being tested? |
lateral recumbancy, tap upper leg
test 10-15 times test femoral nerve from spinal segment L4- L5 |
|
When is a cross extensor reflex normal?
abnormal? Is it an UMN or a LMN? |
When standing
when laying down UMN |
|
How is a neuro exam performed?
|
-observe patients mental status, gait and posture
-palpate musculoskeletal system -evaluate postural reactions -evaluate cranial nerves -evaluate spinal reflexes -evaluate sensation |
|
What are signs of a problem in the reticular activating system?
Thalamocortex? |
somnolent, lethargic, stupor
behavioral changes, circling, head pressing, seizures |
|
If you see an animal with a head tilt what system is affected?
|
vestibular
central - behavioral change peripheral - normal |
|
What type of problem is opisthotonus?
|
UMN problems
see hypertonia |
|
What disease may be associated with tremors?
Knuckling may be associated with a problem with what nerve? |
cerebellar disease
radial nerve |
|
When are postural reaction tests done?
Does this localize the lesion? |
When you are not sure if an animal is walking normally?
this does not localize the lesion |
|
What are the forms of ataxia?
|
sensory cerebellar and vestibular
cerebellar - unconscious proprioception sensory - conscious proprioception |
|
What does the menace response test?
|
Cranial nerves II and VII
|
|
What does the PLR test?
|
Cranial nerves II and III
|
|
if there is a lesion in the cerebrocortical and thalamic region where are the signs?
|
on the contralateral side
|
|
What nerve is tested in the perineal reflex?
|
Pudendal
from S1 - S3 |
|
What nerve does the patellar reflex test?
|
femoral nerve
hitting it may cause the stifle to extend L4-5 is where it comes from the spinal cords |
|
What nerve does the cranial tibialis reflex test?
Where does this exit the spinal cord? Vertebrae? |
Sciatic
L 6, 7 L4-5 |
|
Wth the withdrawal reflex, if you pinch the medial toe what nerve are you testing?
What should you see? Where does it exit spinal cord? |
Femoral
Flexion of hip L 4, 5 |
|
With the withdrawal reflex, if you pinch the lateral toe what nerve are you testing?
What should you see? What other reaction should you see? If you don't what might this mean |
Sciatic
Flexion of knee/hock Conscious perception of pain Lesion cranial to L3 |
|
Extensor carpi radialis reflex tests what nerve?
What should occur? |
Radial
Extension of carpal joint |
|
If you have a small bladder that is difficult to express what might that indicate?
Where is the lesion? |
UMN bladder
Cranial to L3 |
|
If you have a large dilated, flabby bladder that is easily expressed, but not easily palpated, what type of problem is this?
Where is the lesion located? |
LMN bladder
Caudal to L3 |
|
What is the drug of choice for UMN bladders?
|
Prazosin (the problem is with expression)
|
|
What is thedrug of choice for LMN bladders?
|
Phenylpropanolamine (want to tighten sphincter) and Bethanecol (to tighten bladder to make it easier to empty)
|
|
What does panniculus reflex test?
|
the nerve that supply the cutaneous trunci muscles
|
|
A lesion from C1-C5 will cause?
|
all UMN signs in all four limbs
|
|
A lesion from C6 to T2 will cause?
|
LMN signs in forelimbs
UMN signs in hindlimbs |
|
A lesion from T3 - L3 will cause?
|
Normal signs in forelimb UMN signs in hind limb
|
|
A lesion in L4 - S2 will cause?
|
normal front limbs and LMN signs in hind limbs
|
|
What are some signs of cerebral cortex lesion?
Postural test? Cranial nerve test? UMN/LMN? |
Changes in behavior, pacing, seizures
Contralateral deficits, will not do well Contralateral loss of conscious proprioception Contralateral UMN |
|
What are some signs of brain stem injury?
Cranial nerves? UMN/LMN? |
Abnormal gait
Abnormalities Ipsilateral UMN |
|
What does the palpebral reflex test?
|
V and VII
|
