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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are four main DNA viruses seen in clinical practice?
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HBV
HSV VZV CMV |
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What antivirals are used against...
a) Influenza b) CMV c) HSV / VZV d) Hep B e) Hep C f) HIV |
a) Amantidine / Oseltamivir
b) Ganciclovir c) Acyclovir, Famciclovir d) Interferon, Lamivudine e) Interferon, Ribavirin f) ARVs |
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Classify the following bacteria...
Staph Aureus |
GP cocci aerobe
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Classify the following bacteria...
strep pneumo |
GP diplococci aerobe
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Classify the following bacteria...
strep pyogenes |
GP cocci aerobe
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Classify the following bacteria...
enterococcus fecalis |
GP cocci aerobe
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Classify the following bacteria...
lactobacillus |
GP bacilli aerobe
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Classify the following bacteria...
listeria |
GP bacilli aerobe
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Name a GN anaerobic bacilli?
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Bacteroides fragillis
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Classify the following bacteria...
clostridium |
GP bacilli anaerobe
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Name two GN aerobic cocci
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Neisseria meningitis and gonorrheae
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Classify the following bacteria...
E. coli |
GN aerobic bacilli
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Classify the following bacteria...
pseudomonas |
GN aerobic bacilli
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Classify the following bacteria...
Klebsiella |
GN aerobic bacilli
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Classify the following bacteria...
H. influenzae |
GN aerobic bacilli
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Name two challenging bugs which are GP
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staph aureus
enterococcus fecalis |
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Name two challenging bugs which are GN bacilli
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Pseudomonas
H flu |
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Name a challenging bug which is anaerobic
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bacteroides fragilis
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Name three classes/ drugs which are cell wall toxic
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penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycins
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Name two drugs/ classes which inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
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aminoglycosides, macrolides
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Name three drug classes which alter nucleic acid synthesis
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INH, Metronidazole, sulfas
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Give an example of a DNA gyrase inhibitor
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fluorquinolones
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Penicillins: Toxicities
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Allergy
Seizures at high dose Hypokalemia (lose K+ with anionic drug) |
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Penicillin G (IV, IM)
Penicillin V (p.o.) Action? |
GP: streptococci / (enterococci)
GN: N. meningitidis Anaerobes: b. fragilis |
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Aminopenicillins-- extended spectrum (ampicillin)
Coverage? |
Same as penicillin but ADD
- enterococcus - H. flu - Some E. coli |
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What is the advantage of amoxicillin?
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- Only t.i.d.
- less stomach upset |
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What is Clavulin and what advantage does it have over Amoxicillin?
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Includes clavulinic acid
Broader spectrum: Most Staph Aureus, many GN aerobes. |
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What is Piperacillin?
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An antipseudomonal ampicillin with action against pseudomonas
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What is Tazobactam?
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Piperacillin-tazobactam:
BROAD spectrum Most GP, GN, and anaerobes |
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What is Cloxacillin?
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An antistaph penicillin
-- Good for S. aureus (but not MRSA) -- Methicillin = no longer used |
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What are Carbapenems?
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Extremely broad spectrum B-lactam
- GP, GN, Anaerobe |
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What category of drug are cephalosporins?
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B-lactam
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Do Cephalosporins cover aerobes or anaerobes?
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Aerobes
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What is the coverage of a 1st Generation Cephalosporin?
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GP (gn)
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2nd Generation?
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~GP / ~GN
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3rd Generation?
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gn / GP
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Fourth Generation?
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BOTH !!!!! (but $$$$)
IV only |
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What are the 1st Gens?
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cephalexin / cefazolin
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2nd Gens?
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cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotetan
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3rd gens?
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Cefixime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime
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Fourth gens?
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cefepime, cefpirome
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What are some special aspects of...
a) Cefoxitin and Cefotetan b) Ceftazidime |
a) 2nd Gen, cover anaerobes
b) 3rd gen, covers pseudomonas |
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What is the suffix of macrolides?
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-mycin
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What does Erythromycin cover?
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GP aerobes (not enterococcus)
some GP anaerobes Some GN aerobes (h flu, B. pertussis, campylobacter, legionella) Mycoplasma, Chlamydia |
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What do Clarithromycin and Azithromycin cover better than Erythromycin?
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H influenzae
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Tetracycline / Doxycycline
- Who should not take them? - What is their spectrum |
- Kids (stains teeth)
- GP except SA or enterococcus - Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Syphillis |
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Vancomycin
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IV only
ALL GP aerobes C diff |
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Why can you give vancomycin po for C diff but not for other infections?
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Is not absorbed in gut, but can act IN gut against C diff
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What is linezolid?
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Drug for resistant GP infections
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What is clindamycin's spectrum?
What is a complication of giving clindamycin? |
GP aerobes including SA
GN anaerobes, including B. fragillis C diff Diarrhea! |
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Metronidazole Spectrum
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Anaerobes (including B. fragilis)
C diff Trichomonas Entameba |
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Metronidazole side fx
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antabus reaction to EtOH
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Aminoglycosides
- route - spectrum - side fx |
- IV or IM
- GN bacilli - Nephro and Ototoxicity |
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TMP - Sulfa (Bactrim) Spectrum
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GN aerobes
Pneumocystic UTIs! |
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Fluoroquinolones
- suffix - use - spectrum |
- oxacin
- pneumonia (levofloxacin) - GN aerobes, including pseudomonas - GP aerobes but not Strep |
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What are the Respiratory Fluoroquinolones and what do they cover?
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Levo and Moxifloxacin
H flu, pneumococcus, mycoplasma, chlamydia pneumoniae, legionella |
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What does Nitrofurantoin cover? what is it used for?
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GN bacillis in UTI
staph saprophyticus (UTI) Enterococcus (UTI) |
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Do REVIEW
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Do REVIEW!!!
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