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23 Cards in this Set

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matter
anything that takes up SPACE and has MASS
element
pure substance
trace elements
makes up less than .01% of your body mass
compound
substance containing 2 or more elements (chemically combined in a fixed ratio)
atom
smallest particle of an element
proton
subatomic particle with a POSITIVE electric charge; found in nucleus
electron
subatomic particle with a NEGATIVE electric charge; found outside nucleus
neutron
subatomic particle with no electric charge; found in nucleus
nucleus
central core of atom; contains protons and neutrons
atomic #
amount of PROTONS in an atom; all atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons
isotope
any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons, but having different numbers of neutrons
ionic bond
occurs when an atom TRANSFERS an electron to another atom
covalent bond
occurs when 2 atoms SHARE electrons
cohesion
tendency for molecules of the same kind to STICK to one another
ion
atoms that have become electrically charged as a result of GAINING or LOSING electrons
atomic mass
the mass of an atom expresed in ATOMIC MASS UNITS (AMUs; atomic weight
thermal energy
total amount of energy associated with the RANDOM MOVEMENT of atoms and molecules in a sample of matter; heat energy
chemical reactions
changes resulting in the form of one or more substances
reactants
starting materials for reactions
polar molecule
a molecule in which opposite ends have OPPOSITE ELECTRICAL CHARGES
hydrogen bond
occurs when a HYDROGEN atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom, especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or flourine atom, usually of another molecule.
adhesion
attraction that occurs between UNLIKE MOLECULES
3 Types of Chemical Bonds
Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen