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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is light?
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An electromagnetic wave that transfers energy from one place to another
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What types of waves are in the electromagnetic spectrum?
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Radio, Microwave, Infared, Visible, Ultraviolet, "Soft" X Rays, "Hard" X Rays, Gamma Rays
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Does light always travel at the same speed through all mediums? Can it ever go faster than it does through empty space?
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No it does change depending on the medium, it doesn't change in empty space
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What is the Law of Reflection?
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When a light ray is reflected from a surface, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
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What are the primary colors of light? What's with white light? Why do objects appears colors?
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Blue, Green, Red; White light is a combination of all primary colors; They appear different colors because they absorbs different amounts of light
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What do lenses do? How do your eyes use them to form images? What are the difference between convex and concave lenses?
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Lenses focus the light taken into our eye onto our retina, helping our eye form images; Concave lenses will diverge the light ray for a near-sighted person, while a convex lens will converge the light onto the retina for a far-sighted person
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Retina
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A thin layer that contains light-sensitive cells
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Optic Nerve
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Carries Signals from the retina tot he brain
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Ciliary muscles
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control the shape of the lens as they contract and relax
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Pupil
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The opening into the eye
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Cornea
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transparent layer that causes light rays to bend as they enter the eye
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Iris
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expands and contracts to control the amount of light that enters the eye
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Lens
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transparent structure that changes shape to form an image on the retina
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Frequency
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the number of wavelengths that pass a given point in one second
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Wavelength
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the distance between any two crests or any troughs in a wavelength
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Refraction
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Occurs when light rays change direction as it passes from one material to another
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Absorption
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the process of transferring light energy to the atoms or molecules in a material
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Transmission
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Occurs when light waves strike a material and pass through it
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Scattering
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Occurs when a material causes light waves traveling in one direction to travel in all directions
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Cone Cells
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Enables you to see colors
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Rod Cells
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Allows you to see in dim light
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What do sounds have in common?
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they are all made up of vibrations
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What type of wave carries sound, and how those waves move?
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Compression waves; back and forth
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What is the difference between amplitude and loudness?
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Amplitude is how spread out the molecules in the regions of compression and rarefaction are, the more spread out, the more amplitude; loudness is a person's perception of how much energy a sound wave carries
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How do we measure loudness?
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In units called phons, the scale is the decibel scale
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How are frequencies and pitch related?
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Frequencies and pithes are both how high or how low a sound is
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What makes up the outer ear?
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External ear, auditory canal
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What makes up the middle ear?
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Stapes, Malleus, Incus, Tympanic membrane(eardrum)
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What makes up the inner ear?
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Cochlea, Eustachian
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how do all the parts of the ear work together to transmit sound?
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They pass the sound vibrations to one part to the next
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Auditory Canal
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The part of your ear that collects sound waves from the external ear and passes them to the middle ear
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Tympanic membrane
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More commonly called the eardrum, a thin layer of skin that vibrate when sound waves hit it
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Malleus
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One of the bones in the middle ear, also called the hammer
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Incus
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One of the bones in the middle ear, also called the anvil
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Stapes
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One of the bones in the middle ear, also called the stirrup
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Cochlea
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In the inner ear, lined with sensory cells
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What is echolocation and who uses it?
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Bats use it; making high frequency sounds and listening for echoes
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What is Kepler's First Law?
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All objects in the solar system move around the Sun in elliptical paths
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What is Kepler's Second law?
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Planets move faster when they are closer to the Sun
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What is Kepler's Third Law?
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Planet's period of revolution increases as it gets farther from the sun
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What are the inner planets?
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Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
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What are the outer planets?
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Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
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What is the difference between comets and asteroids?
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Asteroids- rocky objects, smaller than planets, found between the orbits of MArs and Jupiter
Comet- a small, icy body in orbit around the Sun |
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When does a meteoroid become a meteor?
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When it hits Earth's atmosphere?
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When does a meteor become a meteorite?
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When is lands on Earth
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What is the difference between apparent and absolute magnitude?
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Apparent- the observed luminosity of a celestial body as observed from Earth
Absolute magnitude- the apparent magnitude a star would have it it were 32.6 light-years away from Earth |
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What type of star is our sun?
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A main sequence G2 star
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How do scientists determine what elements are in distant stars?
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color
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Why did astronomers need to develop "the big bang theory"?
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To explain how the universe is expanding
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Period of Revolution
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The time it takes for a planet to move completely around the Sun
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Period of Rotation
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The time it takes a planet to rotate once around its rotational axis
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Elipse
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The path a planet travels in a imperfect circle
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Astronomical Unit
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The average distance from Earth to the Sun
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Gravitational Force
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An attractive force between all objects that have mass
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Solar System
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The planets that orbit our sun
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Nebula
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a large cloud of gas and dust in space
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Satellite
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an object that revolves around a planet
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Light year
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the distance light travels in one year
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Dwarf planets
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planets that are in the Kuiper belt or the asteroid belt
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Continuous Spectrum
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the rainbow formed when light from a bright lightbulb passes through a prism
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Absorption spectrum
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Produced when the light emitted from a hot, dense material passes through a cooler, less dense gas
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Luminosity
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The amount of light energy emitted per second
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What are the phases of the moon?
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1. New Moon
2.Waxing Crescent 3. First Quarter 4. Waxing Gibbous 5. Full Moon 6. Waning Gibbous 7. Last Quarter 8. Waning Crescent 9. New Moon |
