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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where two beds meet
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contact
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evidence of significant erosion or absense in time between two beds
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unconformity
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Types of unconformities
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Angular, disconfomity, paraconfomity, nonconformity
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beds below unconformity are dipping where the beds above are not dipping at the same angle
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angular unconfomity
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beds above and below the unconformity are parallel but there is a significant amount of erosion between them
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disconformity
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beds above and below seem to match but there is a significant time jump between
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paraconformity
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metamorphic or igneous rock below with sedimentary rock above
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nonconformity
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no evidence of erosion or absence of time
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conformable
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sharp change between two layers
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abrupt
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not a sharp change btween lithologies
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gradual
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types of gradual conformities
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intercaladen, progressive gradual
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thin beds of overlying lithology are within the underlying lithology
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intercaladen
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a more or less uniform change in grain size and composition between lithologies
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progressive gradual
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upper and lower surfaces of a boundary get closer and closer until they converge
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pinch out
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several pinch outs in one area
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intertonguing
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a break in deposition
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hiatus
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minor break in sedimentation, usually in fluvial systems
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diastem
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repeated patterns in sedimentation
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cyclic sedimentation
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cycles are controlled by something local in the basin
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autocyclic
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cycles are controlled by something outside the basin
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allo cyclic
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shoreline moves landward
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transgression
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reasons for transgression
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sea level rise, basin subsides, cutoff in sediment supply
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shoreline moves seaward
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regression
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reasons for regression
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sea level fall, land uplifts, increase in sediment supply
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break up and coming back together of continents every 2-400 million years. Large scale changes
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1st order
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changes in ocean volume such as mid-ocean ridges putting out more basalt happening every 10-100 million years
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2nd order
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least understood cycle happening every 1-10 million years
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3rd order
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happening every 200-500 thousand years usually because of milankovich cycles
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4th order
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happening every 10-200 thousand years like milankovich cycles
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5th order
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types of milankovich cycles
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eccentricity, procession, obliquity
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a cycles depending on howeliptical the earth's orbit is. happening every 200-400 thousand years
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eccentricity
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changing every 19-23 thousand years. Which way the earth's axis is facing.
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procession
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the degree of tilt in the earth changing every 41 thousand years
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obliquity
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fluctuations in sea level are quicker and larger in magnitude. more ice sheets are present and earth is overall cooler
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ice house
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warmer, more CO2 in the atmosphere with sea level not changing as much
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green house
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distinct rock body type generally refering to a depositional environment
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facies
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types of facies
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lithofacies, biofacies, microfacies, subfacies
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facies based solely on lithology
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lithofacies
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facies based on fossil characteristics
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biofacies
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facies based on microscopic eveidence
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microfacies
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facies within a facies
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subfacies
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facies superimposed side by side can be found in a vertical sucession barring a long unconformity
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walther's law
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local sea level changes
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relative sea level change
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global sea level change
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eustatic sea level change
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What was the sea level at 20,000 years ago?
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120 km below todays
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guide to standard stratigraphic usage
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stratigraphic code
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sea level curve with a higher frequency.
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haq curve
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seaward dipping reflections
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clinoform
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