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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List 5 different types of organisms.
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bug
dog plant fungi bacteria |
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The smallest units of organisms that carry on the function of the organism.
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cell
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Anything an organism responds to is a(n)________ .
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stimuli or stimulus
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A(n)________ is a characteristic that makes an organism able to survive better.
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adaptation
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What is the regulation of an organism's internal environment.
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homeostasis
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What do organisms need to survive.
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water
energy oxygen or carbon dioxide food |
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An organism's development is (are) ________.
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all of the hanges that go on in its lifetime.
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Living things are made up of what percentage of water?
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70% to 90%
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All living things ________.
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grow and develop
reproduce adjust to their surroundings use enegy |
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The main source of energy for living organisms is ________.
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the sun
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What is the length of time an organism is expected to live?
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life span
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You have changed in size since your birth. What do we call this?
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growth
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You have changes in ways other than your size this is called _________.
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development
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What is the process in which new organisms replace themselves?
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reproduction
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When you touch a hot pan on the stove with your hand and you quickly move it away from the heat it is called a __________.
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response
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When a bright light shines in your eyes, you close your eyes. The light is a ______________.
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stimuli
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Your teacher drops a book, and you jump. What do we call your reaction.
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a response
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Spontaneous generation is the theory that...
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living things come from non-living things (like rags in the corner)
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Redi, Spallanzni, Pasteur and other scientists proved the theory of______________.
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Biogenesis - living things come from other living things
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On which piece of meat did Redi find maggots?
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the one that was open so flies could get in
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What did Redi conclude based on the experiment?
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Flies lay eggs on rotting meat then maggots appear.
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Something in an experiment that can change is called ________.
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the variable
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List the steps of the scientific methods.
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Question
Collect Information Hypothesis Experiment Collect Data Analyse Data Conclusions |
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A scientific ________ is an explanation of things based on many observations.
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law
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A(n) ________ is a prediction that can be tested. ...
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hypothesis
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What metric mesurement is a scientist likely to use to measure long distances?
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kilometer - km
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What metric mesurement is a scientist likely to use to measure the volume of a liquid?
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liter
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________ is the use of scientific knowledge to solve problems of society.
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technology
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Are viruses are living.
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no
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Viruses grow larger.
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viruses replicate they do not grow
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Viruses do not make or eat food.
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true
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Viruses are responsible for many diseases.
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true
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Viruses are a piece of hereditary material (DNA) covered by a protein.
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true
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Viruses can be seen with a simple microscope.
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false
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Viruses all have the same shape.
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false
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The protein that covers a virus (the protein coat) gives a virus it's shape.
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true
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Viruses with different shapes are covered by different proteins.
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true
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Viruses are classified by the kind of organism the kind of organism they infect.
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true
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Viruses are often named for the person who discover them.
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true
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What is the process to make a new virus?
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attach to a host cell - inject - take control - make viruses - release viruses to infect other cells
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Viruses must be inside a host cell to reproduce.
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true
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When a virus infects an organism but waits until later to become active it is called a _____________virus.
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latent
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When a virus infects an organism and becomes active imediately is is called an _____________virus.
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active
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What kind of organisms can viruses infect?
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plants
animals fungi bacteria |
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There are no medicines to cure viruses.
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true
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A shot or other medicine that is given before you get a virus to precent it is called a _________.
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vaccine
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What are vaccines made out of?
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They are often made out of killed viruses.
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What are some viruses we can prevent with a vaccine?
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Polio
Chicken Pox Measels Small pox |
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Some viruses have no vaccines but scientists and doctors are working to develop them.
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true
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Who created the first vaccine in 1796?
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Edward Jenner
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Viruses can be helpful.
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true
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What do you get before you get AIDS?
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HIV
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What does AIDS stands.
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Auto Immuno Deficency Syndrome
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How does AIDS make you sick?
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AIDS allows the body to be infected by many organisms that can cause disease.
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Why is it hard to develop a vaccine for AIDS.
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Because the DNA in the HIV virus is frequently mutating.
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Viruses can be used to kill bacteria.
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true - remember the picture of the man with the skin infection that couldn't be cured?
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If someone gets an infecion and is sick and they do not start to feel better in 3 days, what should they do?
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go to the doctor
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Which organisms do not have cell walls?
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animal cells
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All living things are made up of _____.
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cells
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What are the 3 main idea of the cell.
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All living things are made of cells.
All cells come from other cells. Cells are the basic unit of all living things. |
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Who was the scientist who looked at cork and called the little boxes cells?
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Hooke
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What is one advantage of electron microscopes over light microscope.
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greater magnificatin
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If a cell contains no defined nucleus, it must be a ______________.
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prokaroyte
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In a chloroplast, the green pigment that traps light is the ______________.
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chlorophyll
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The cell membrane is called a fluid mosaic model because_______________.
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it is flexible like a fluid and it is made of many little parts like a mosiac.
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Selective permeability allows a cell to _________
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select what goes in and out of the cell
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A plasma membrane ___________.
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protects the cell and holds everything inside
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Cell structures that contain digestive enzymes are called_____________.
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lysosomes
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In a cell, the sites of protein synthesis
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ribosome
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Organelle where molecules are broken down to release energy is the _____________________.
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mitochondria
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The system of folded membranes that modify proteins and moves them to the cell membrane to be spit out is the ____________ _______________.
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golgi body
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System of highly folded membranes that go through the cell to transport substances is the ______________.
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endoplasmic reticulum
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Central membrane bound structure that contains DNA.
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nucleus
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Chlorophyll containing organelle that captures light.
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chloroplast
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Membrane bound organelle used for temporary storage.
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vacoule
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All of the structures found in the cell that do different jobs for the cell
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organelles
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Structure that is rigid and surrounds the membrane in plants and bacteria but not in animals
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cell wall
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List the different kinds of organic compounds
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protein
carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids |
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protein
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mostly found in meat, broken down to build muscle,enzymes and hormones
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carbohydrates
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things like potatoes and breads that store energy
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lipids
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fats and oils the act as insulation and store energy
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nucleic acids
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make up DNA - stores information
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All organic compounds are made of branched chains
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some are long chains, some are branched, some are rings
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When food enters the body where does it go?
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It is broken down into molecules before it goes into the blood to be taken to the cells.
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What is a suspension?
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Blood is an example. It is a solution that seperates into layers if it is not constantly mixed.
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Lipids are important for insulating organisms.
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True
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Protein and lipids are the same type of organic compound.
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false
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A slug is made up of about 75% water and a human is made up of about 90% water.
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false
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What is water made of?
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1 molecule of oxygen and 2 molecules of hydrogen
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Protons
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found in the nucleus
positive charge mass of one |
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neutrons
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found in the nucleus
nutral (no) charge mass of one |
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electrons
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found around the nucleus
negative charge So small their mass isn't measured |
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Two atoms bonded together form a _____________.
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molecule or compound
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Atoms can be bonded together by sharing electrons this is called __________________bonding.
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covalent
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The cell membrane sometimes captures large molecules this procss is called______________.
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endocytosis - requires energy to make the membrane surround the lare molecules and pull them inside the cell
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Selective permeability is the cells ability to ________________.
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let some things in and keep some things out
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What part of the cells is selectively permeable?
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the cell membrane
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Most of the time things move from high to low.
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true
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If you need to move something from high to low you _________________.
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do not need any energy - passive transport
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If the cell uses energy to move things in or out it is called ___________________.
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active transport and it is moving things from LOW to high
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Is glucose a small molecule.
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glucose is made on many atoms it is a large moleculeIs
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Is water a small molecule.
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water has only 3 atoms it is a small molecule
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Small molecules do not usually need energy to enter or exit the cell.
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true
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Water moves into the cell by a special process called ________________.
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osmosis
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Why doesn't a plastic bag makes a good membrane?
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it would keep everything in or everything out cells need things and need to get rid of waste
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If a molecule is expelled (pushed out) from the cell it is called _______________.
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exocytosis
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Why do cells divide?
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repair
replace reproduce grow |
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Why don’t all cells divide at the same time?
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some have to do the work of the cell while others divide
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What is asexual reproduction?
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reproduction of a whole new organism that is an exact copy of the organism it came from
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What is mitosis?
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the process that divides the nucleus of the cell producing 2 new daughter cells
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What is DNA?
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genetic material, It is made of nucleic acids and has all the information the cell needs
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When DNA is in the form of chromatin it is usually during what phase?
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interphase
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When DNA is in the form of sister chromatids it is usually during what phase?
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metaphase
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What do centromeres do?
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hold the sister chromatids together
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What do centrioles do?
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hold on to the ends of the spindle fibers and help move the chromosomes
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What would happen if there were no spindle fibers?
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the chormosomes wouldn't get moved to the middle of the cell during metaphase or moved apart in anaphase
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Which phase comes 1st?
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IPMAT - interphase
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Which phase comes 2nd?
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IPMAT - prophase
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Which phase comes 3rd?
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IPMAT - metaphase
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Which phase comes 4th?
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IPMAT - anaphase
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Which phase comes last?
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IPMAT - telophase
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In what phase are the sister chromatids lining up in the middle?
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metaphase
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interphase
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inbetween
chromatin cell doing it's job |
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prophase
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prepare
chromosomes doubling chromosomes thickening centrioles appear in animal cells |
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metaphase
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middle
chromosomes are now sister chromatids line up in the middle spindle fibers pulled them to the middle |
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anaphase
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apart
sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers |
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telophase
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two new cells that are exactly the same.
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