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34 Cards in this Set

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What is the main issue when dealing with shock?
reduced tissue profusion
What are some of the first signs and symptoms of shock?
Cold and Clammy
Tachycardia
Decreased Urination
Apprehensive
When Bp is normal and patient has tachycardia, what can that be a sign of?
shock
What are the four classifications of shock?
Hypovolemic
Cardiogenic
Obstructive
Distributive
What does Hypovolemic mean?
In a decrease in circulating blood volume
What would be a probable cause?
Blood or fluid loss, dehydration, dyheria, hemorrhagic shock, GI bleeding.
What is cardiogenic shock due to?
Heart failure, cardiac output i obs down
What is obstructive shock caused by?
The inability for the heart to fill up properly or empty properly. Example: An embolism in a pulmonary vessel
What can Distributive shock be caused by?
loss of sympathetic tone, basodialeter substances.
What are these measurements describing tacky cardia 100-120bpm, decrease in pulse systolic pressure 90-100mmHg, restlessness, increased sweating, pallor, oliguria?
Moderate Shock
IF someone losses 10 percent of there blood what happens?
Nothing really, eat a snack and should be fine.
How much blood do you have to loose for extreme shock?
35- 50% after 50 they are probably dead.
How much blood do you have to loose for moderate shock?
20-35%
What happens to the kidneys when we have apuria and need to retain water?
The kidneys often get damaged
IF someone losses 10 percent of there blood what happens?
Nothing really, eat a snack and should be fine.
How much blood do you have to loose for extreme shock?
35- 50% after 50 they are probably dead.
How much blood do you have to loose for moderate shock?
20-35%
What happens to the kidneys when we have apuria and need to retain water?
The kidneys often get damaged
What happens to all the organs because of shock?
MODS multipple organ dysfunction syndrome, it happens because of reduced profusion to the organs.
What do people loose as they age?
Cardiac reserve
What are the three types of cardiomyopathies and what is the cause?
Hypotrophic,dialated, and restrictive idiopathic, when people need heart transplants these are ussually the reason.
What causes mycarditis?
infection is a common reason, influenza, mono.
Coranery insufficiency is what?
insufficient profusion in the coronary circulation.
What can cause coranry insufficency?
Athreoslerosis and coranary thrombosis.
What does the coronary circulation do?
It delivers oxygenation to the heart, so if we have serious occlusions a myocardial infarction/heart attack will happen.
What is valvular heart disease and what are the two types?
It is disease of the heart valves making them unable to open and close properly. Stenotic valve is a sticky valve and doesn't open all the way, the insufficent or leafy valve doesn't close all the way.
What do we hear when someone has a heart problem?
A heart mur mur, a swooshi sound.
What causes pulmonary hypertension?
lung problem can cause the heart to have a larger right side load, and right side heart failure.
what happens with constriction of the aorta?
Pressure builds up behind the constriction and can cause heart failure.
Should we give volume replacement to any body with shock?
No, if a person is cardiogenic shock (caused by heart failure), you will kill them because their heart is being over worked as it is.
What happens to the heats work load for the heart in people with anemia?
The heart gets less blood return so the heart has to pump what ever it gets but has to pump harder, long term results of this would be high output heart failure.
What is usually a problem with left sided heart failure?
increased venous return to the heart usually causes this, you can tell someone has a lot of venous back up if there jugular protrudes when looking at a 45 degree angle. Usually the left side of someone heart will fail then soon after the right will.
What complications do the kidneys produce when they try to make up for reduced profusion?
The make the body retain salt and water causing the heart to do more work, if the kidneys aren't getting enough profussion they assume its because lack of blood volume so they start retaining salt and water, this causes problems when it is a heart or lung problem causing the reduced profusion.
What happens to the heart if the preload is too big for too long?
The heart muscles often over streatch and may rip.