Skel Radd C Flash Cards

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Title: Skel Radd C
Description: Midterm
Number of Cards: 77
Save Count: 0
Author: halehafshar
Created: 2012-02-12
Tags: lines mensuration of
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • Sella Turcica Size AKA
    • Pituitary Fossa Size
    • Sella Turcica Size diameter
    • Greatest AP: 16mm max
      Greatest Vertical 12mm max
    • Increased Sella Turcica Size indicates
    • pituitary neoplasm, aneurysm, may even be normal
    • Basilar angle AKA
    • Welcker's/Martin's/sphenobasilar angle
    • Basilar angle is drawn thru
    • Nasion to the center of the sella and the basion
    • Normal basilar angle
    • 123-152 (average 137)
    • Basilar angle greater than 152
    • platybasia
    • McGregor's Line AKA
    • BASAL line
    • McGregor's Line drawn thru
    • hard palate to the inferior surface of occiput
    • McGregor's line in relation to the odontoid apex
    • line < 10 mm above apex
    • Break in McGregor's line indicates
    • basilar impression (platybasia), occipitalization, bone softening, rheumatoid
    • Chamberlain's line AKA
    • Palato-occipital line
    • Chamberlain's line is drawn through
    • hard palate to opisthion (thru the odontoid apex)
    • Chamberlain's line in relation to the odontoid axis
    • should be < 3mm above
    • Which is more reliable: Chamberlain's line or McGregor's?
    • McGregors
    • McRae's Line AKA
    • foramen magnum line
    • McRae's Line is drawn where
    • basion to opisthion
    • McRae's Line in relation to the odontoid
    • Perpendicular line drawn thru the odontoid should intersect at the anterior 1/4 of McRae's Line
    • Break in McRae's Line indicates
    • atlanto-occipital joint dislocation or odontoid fracture
    • ADI aka
    • pre-dental interspace
    • ADI is measured from
    • posterior margin of anterior tubercle and anterior cortical surface of odotoid at the mid portion of the joint
    • ADI measurements

      Adults and Children
    • 1-3mm in adults

      1-5mm in children
    • Decreased ADI happens with
    • trauma, occipitalization, trisomy 21, pharyngeal infections, seronegative arthropathies
    • Most reliable cervical contour line
    • Spinolaminal Line
    • Cervical Canal Size measurements

      C1, C2, C3-7
    • C1: 16mm (minmum)
      C2: 14mm (minimum)

      C3-7: greater than 13mm
    • Pavlov's ration
    • If the cervical canal size is less than 82% = stenosis
    • Cervical Stress lines aka
    • Ruth's Jackson's lines
    • Cervical Stress Lines are drawn at
    • Posterior body of C2 and posterior body of C7
    • Cervical Stress Lines should intersect

      flex?
      Ext?
    • Flexion: C5-6

      Extension: C4-5
    • Clinical significance of Cervical Stress Lines
    • Not yet established
    • Cobb-Lippman Line is the
    • Most reliable method of evaluating scoliosis
    • Prevertebral Space measurements
    • C2-C4: 7mm max

      C5-C7: 22mm max
    • Risser-Ferguson Line is
    • a scoliosis evaluation method that is not often used
    • Cobb-Lippman vs. Risser- Ferguson Line
    • R-F gives values 25% lower than C-L
    • Lumbosacral angle aka
    • Sacral base Angle

      ferguson's angle
    • How is Lumbosacral angle drawn?
    • Line thru sacral base and one parallel to the bottom of the film
    • Lumbosacral angle measurement
    • 26-57 degrees

      41 is average
    • Lumbar disc angles (L1-L5)
    • 8, 10, 12, 14, 14
    • Lumbar disc angles might help diagnose
    • Facet syndrome
    • Lumbar Gravity Line aka
    • Ferguson's Weight bearing/gravitational line
    • Lumbar Gravity Line is drawn
    • with a vertical line drawn thru the body of L3 in relation to the sacrum
    • Lumbar Gravity Line should pass
    • thru the sacral base, but can pass anteriorly up to 10mm
    • Macnab's Line is drawn at
    • the inferior end plate of a vertebra
    • Macnab's Line is analyzed in relation to
    • the tip of the superior articular process of the vertebra below
    • positive Macnab's Line indicates
    • Facet imbrication/facet syndrome
    • Hadley's S curve is drawn on
    • Oblique and AP lumbar radiographs
    • positive Hadley's S curve indicates
    • facet subluxation
    • Ulmann's Line aka
    • Garland-Thomas Line
    • Ulmann's Line is drawn
    • Parallel to the sacral base, and one line perpendicular to that
    • Ulmann's Line significance
    • Used to detect slight spondylo of L5
    • Ulmann's Line in relation to L5
    • Anterior portion of L5 should not intersect the perpendicular line
    • Ulmann's Line is used where
    • Can be used with any of the lumbars
    • Lumbar canal size should be
    • greater than 15mm
    • Intercrestal Line
    • Transverse lines drawn connecting the two iliac crests and the relationship of L5 and L4
    • Positive Intercrestal Line
    • DDD of L4 or L5
    • Kohler's Line is done for
    • acetabular protrusion
    • Kohler's line is drawn
    • from the pelvic inlet to the outer obturator
    • Shenton's Line aka
    • Menard's/Makka's Line
    • Shenton's Line is drawn
    • Smooth curvilinear line along ilium and onto femoral neck and superior obturator border
    • Shenton's Line indicates
    • Femur dislocation or fracture if line is interrupted
    • Iliofemoral Line drawn
    • Smooth curvilinear line along ilium and onto femoral neck

      Should be symmetrical bilaterally
    • Positive Iliofemoral Line indicates
    • Asymmetry may denote hip joint abnormality--fracture and Slipped Femoral Capitate Epiphysis, dysplasia, dislocation
    • Femoral Angle AKA
    • Mikulicz's angle
    • Femoral Angle drawn
    • Lines through the femoral shaft and neck
    • Femoral Angle should be
    • Between 120 and 130 degrees

      Coxa Vara if less than 120
      Coxa Valga if greater than 130
    • Skinner's Line is drawn thru
    • shaft of the femur with a second line at a 90 degree angle
    • Skinner's Line should pass
    • thru or below the fovea capitis
    • Positive Skinner's Line
    • fracture and causes of coxa vera
    • Klein's line drawn on
    • AP and Frog Leg
    • Klein's Line is used for what patient
    • kids
    • Klein's line is drawn thru
    • Tangential line to outer femoral neck. Head just overlaps laterally
    • Positive Klein's line looks like
    • Lateral Head does not intersect the line
    • Positive Klein's Line indicates
    • SCFE
    • Heel pad thickness should be
    • max 23mm for females

      max 25mm for males
    • Heel pad thickness is increased
    • with acromegaly, soft tissue infection, obesity, peripheral edema