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84 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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What are the muscles of facial expression?
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Platysma
Orbicularis oculi Epicranius(Occipitofrontalis) Buccinator Orbicularis oris Zygomaticus POEBOZ All are innervated by the facial nerve(VII) |
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What are the muscles of mastication?
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Massetter
Lateral Pterygoid Temporalis Medial Pterygoid MLTM |
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What nerve innervates the muscles mentioned in question 2?
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The mandibular nerve(V3) of the trigeminal(CN5).
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List the three muscles involved in closing the jaw?
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Massetter, Temporalis and the medial pterygoid.
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Which muscle is responsible for opening the jaw?
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Lateral pterygoid.
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List two important neck muscles.
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Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius |
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List two flexor muscles acting on the shoulder.
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Coracobrachialis
Pectoralis major. |
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Regarding shoulder muscles, list two extensors.
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Teres major
Latissimus dorsi |
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List two abductors of the shoulder.
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Deltoid
Supraspinatous |
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What are the three shoulder rotators?
(Cuff) |
Subscapularis
Infraspinatous Teres minor |
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List three flexor muscles that act on the elbow joint.
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Biceps brachi
Brachialis Brachoradialis |
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The triceps is an extensor muscle that acts on the elbw joint. True/False
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True.
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List two supinator muscles that act on the elbow joint.
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Biceps brachi
Supinator |
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List three pronator muscles acting on the elbow joint.
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Pronator
Pronator teres Pronator quadratus |
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What is the cubitus fossa?
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It is the triangular area in front of the elbow.
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What are the lateral and medial muscular boundaries of the cubital fossa?
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Laterally-brachioradialis
Medially-pronator teres muscle |
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List the 4 important contents of the cubital fossa.
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Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum |
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Where is the anatomical snuffbox located?
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The lateral surface of the wrist,
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What are the tendon boundaries of the snuffbox?
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Laterally- tendons of extensor pollicus brevis
Abductus pollicus longus Medially- tendon of the extensor pollicus longus |
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What is the major vascular content of the snuffbox?
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The radial artery.
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Starting from the skin, what are the layers of the abdominal wall?
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Skin
Camper's fascia-fatty Scarpa's fascia-fibrous External oblique Internal oblique Transverse abdominis Tranversalis fascia Preperitoneal fat Peritoneum |
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List 4 important muscles of the anterior abdominal wall.
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Rectus abdominus
Ext. oblique Int oblique Transversus abdominis-(compresses abdomen). |
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What is the function of the rectus abdominis?
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Flexes spine and constricts abdomen
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What is the anterolateral wall function of the rectus abdominis?
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Both obliques rotate and laterally flex the trunk
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Regarding the abdominal wall, list 4 important posterior muscles.
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Psoas
Iliacus Quadratus lumborum Diaphragm |
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What is the function of the Psoas?
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Flexor of thigh and trunk
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What is the function of the Iliacus?
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Flexor of thigh and trunk.
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What is the function of the Quadratus lumborum?
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Flexor of thigh and trunk/accessory muscle of respiration.
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What is the function of the diaphragm?
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It is the principle muscle of respiration.
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The posterior abdominal muscles are also referred to as the prevertebral muscles. True/False
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True.
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What is intended by postvertebral muscles?
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Deep muscles, intrinsic, paraspinal or true back muscles.
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What are the three layers of the postvertebral muscles?
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Deepest and shortest
Intermediate Superficial and longest |
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What muscles make up the deepest and shortest of the postvertebral group?
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Interspinalis
Intertransversarii |
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Of the postvertebral group which muscles make up the intermediate and the superficial and longest?
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Intermediate-Transversospinalis
Superficial and longest- Erector spinae |
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What is the function of the postvertebral muscle group?
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Extensors of the spine.
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List 2 important Extrinsic muscles of the back.
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Serratus posterior inferior
Latissimus dorsi |
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What is the function of the Serratus posterior inferior?
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Depresses lower ribs during inspiration.
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What is the function of the latissimus dorsi?
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Adduct, extend, and medially rotate the humerus about the shoulder joint.
It can also move the pelvis. This is important for paraplegics |
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List all the muscles acting on the hip joint and additionally move the leg.
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Iliopsoas
Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus Tensor fascia latae Adductor longus Adductor magnus Gracilis Biceps femoris Semitendiosus Semimembrinosus Sartorius Quadraceps femoris group |
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Regarding muscles of the thigh,list 4 muscles located within the anterior compartment.
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Sartorius
Iliopsoas Pectineus Quadraceps femoris |
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What is the essential nerve supply of the anterior compartment muscles of the thigh?
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Femoral nerve
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`What is the vascular supply of the anterior compartment thigh muscles?
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Femoral artery and vein.
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Regarding the medial compartment of the thigh muscles, list three important muscles.
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Gracilis
Adductor longus, brevis and magnus Obturator externus |
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What is the nerve supply for the medial compartment muscles?
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Sciatic nerve
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What is the vascular supply for the medial compartment thigh muscles?
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Profunda femris
Obturator vessels |
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Regarding muscles of the thigh, list three imporatnt muscles of the posterior compartment.
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Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus Semimembrinosus |
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What is the nerve and vascular supply for the posterior compartment
muscles of the thigh? |
Nerve- Sciatic
Vascular- Profunda femoris vessels |
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The Sciatic nerve(L4, L5, S1, S2, S3,) is composed of what two important nerves?
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Common peroneal nerve
Tibial nerve. These two are bound together by fascia. |
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How many branches does it distribute in the gluteal region?
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None.
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In the posterior thigh, the muscular branch(tibial compartment) supplies the hamstrings. What muscles make up the hamstrings?
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Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus and Adductor magnus |
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Halfway down the thigh, the Sciatic(Ischiatic) nerve divides into what two branches?
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The tibial nerve
The common peroneal nerve |
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What is the Popliteal fossa?
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It is the space behind the knee. It is somewhat diamond in shape.
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What are the lateral and medial boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
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Laterally-biceps femoris(cranial),
Head of gastricnemious and plantaris(caudal) Medially-Semit. and Semim (cranial) and medial head of the gastricnemius |
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What is the content of the popliteal fossa?
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Popliteal vessels
Common peroneal nerve Tibial nerve |
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Regarding muscles of the leg, list 4 muscles located within the anterior compartment.
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Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus Peroneus tertius Extensor hallucis longus |
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What is the nerve and vascular supply for the anterior compartment muscles of the leg?
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Nerve-deep peroneal nerve
vascular- anterior tibial artery |
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List 2 muscles located within the lateral compartment of the leg.
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Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis |
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Regarding the lateral compartment muscles of the leg, what is the nerve and vascular supply?
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Nerve-Superficial peroneal nerve
vascular-Peroneal aretery and vein |
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Regarding posterior compartment muscles of the leg, which three muscles make up the superficial group?
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Gastrecnemious
Plantaris Soleus |
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Regarding posterior compartment muscles of the leg, which three muscles make up the deep group?
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Popliteus
flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior tibialis posterior |
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What is the nerve and vascular supply of the posterior compartment leg muscles?
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Nerve-Tibial nerve
Vascular- Posterior tibial artery |
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The common peroneal nerve is found between L4 and S2. True/False
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True.
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What is a common result as a consequence of injury to this nerve?
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Footdrop. There is an inability to evert and dorsiflex the foot.
This may be caused by a blow to the lateral posterior knee by some blunt and heavy object. |
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What is the Unhappy triad/Knee injury?
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This is a common football injury caused by blunt force from the side.
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What is the extent of damage that results from the unhappy triad injury?
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There is damage to the medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament.
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What structures anatomically perforate the diaphragm at T8, T10 and T12?
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T8-Inferior vena cava
T10-Esophagus vagus T12-Aorta(red, thoracic duct(white)and the azygous vein(blue). |
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What are the anatomical landmarks for Thoracocentesis?
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Insert needle just above(superior) to rib #9 and not under(inferior) to rib #8.
The inferior edge of the scapula lies over the 7th intercostal space. |
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What may be considered a complication of this procedure?
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Pneumothorax
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Where is a gluteal injection administered?
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It is inserted in the upper outer quadrant of hip to avoid the sciatic nerve.
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What is a possible complication of an improperly administered gluteal injection?
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Footdrop
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What is contained within the surface anatomy of the lower limb bones?
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Ishial tuberosity
Greater trochanter of the femur Knee Anterior surface of the tibia(shin) Ankle=lateral malleolus of fibula and medial malleolus of tibia Calcaneum |
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What are the most important vessels of the lower limb bones?
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Femoral triangle-femoral artery, vein and nerve
Popliteal fossa: popliteal artery Posterior tibial artery-can be palpated behind the medial malleolus Dorsalis pedis |
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What are the most important tendons of the lower limb bones?
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tendon of tibialis posterior muscle-behind medial malleolus with the foot in an inverted position.
Tendon of tibialis anterior muscle-anterior surface of ankle joint with foot inverted and dorsiflexed. Tendon of Peroneus brevis and longus-seen behind the lateral malleolus with the foot everted. Tendon calcaneus(Achilles tendon)- It forms from the tendon of the gastrecnemius. |
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What are the spinal roots of the radial nerve?
What is its action? |
C5-C8
Elbow and wrist extension Involvement of triceps reflex |
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What are the spinal roots of the median nerve?
What is its action? |
C6-T1
Flexion of first three fingers Pronator and radial flexion Innervation of thenar muscles and thumb opposition. |
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What are the spinal roots of the ulnar nerve?
What is its action? |
C8-T1
Thumb adduction Flexion of wrist and ring and small finger. Opposition of little finger Ulnar flexion Finger abduction and adduction Innervation of hypothenar muscles |
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What are the spinal roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?
What is its action? |
C5-C6
Elbow flexion(biceps) Supination(biceps) Biceps reflex |
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What are the spinal roots of the axillary nerve?
What is its action? |
C5-C6
Movement of arm outward, forward or backward(deltoid) |
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What are the spinal roots of the long thoracic nerve?
What is its action? |
C5-C7
Elevation of arm above horizontal plane |
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What are the spinal roots of the long obturator nerve?
What is its action? |
L2-L4
Hip adduction |
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What are the spinal roots of the long femoral nerve?
What is its action? |
L2-L4
Knee extension Hip flexion Knee jerk |
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What are the spinal roots of the common peroneal nerve?
What is its action? |
L4-S2
Foot eversion Dorsiflexion |
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What are the spinal roots of the common Sciatic nerve?
What is its action? |
L4-S3
Knee flexion Branches into the tibial and common peroneal nerve |
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What are the spinal roots of the common Tibial nerve?
What is its action? |
L4-S3
Foot inversion Plantar flexion Involvement in ankle jerk reflex |
