- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 3 types of venomous pit vipers seen in this country?
|
Pit Vipers, Rattlesnakes, Copperheads and Cottonmouths
|
|
Other than the pit vipers what other grouping of snakes are we concerned about with animals becoming injured by?
|
Pit Vipers and Elapids which are the coral snakes.
|
|
Why do we call the snakes Pit Vipers? Is it b/c they live in a pit?
|
No it is b/c Pit Vipers have a sensory pit between the eyes and nostril to seek prey.
|
|
Lots of animals, dogs and cats, are bitten by venomous snakes each year, almost 150,000. What is the number one snake they are bitten by and the location?
|
99% are pit viper bites
Dogs mostly bitten on the head or face. Cats mostly bitten on the front legs. Matches the victims behaviors. |
|
Every form of venom is species specfic in its components but what are the 3 uses of venom?
|
1. To immobilize Prey
2. To pre-digest prey 3. Defense against threats |
|
What are the 4 enzymes found in snake venom?
|
Metalloproteinases
Kininogenase Hyaluronidase Phospholipase |
|
What is th purpose of Hyaluronidase is snake venom?
|
Hyaluronidase is an enzyme in snake venom that breaks down tissues to increase spreading of the venom and its affects.
|
|
This enzyme of snake venom is able to disrupt membranes, uncouple phosphorylation, inhibit cellular respiration, and cause the release of inflammatory mediators?
|
Phospholipase
|
|
This snake venom enzyme is a potent vasodilator through its production of Bradykinins?
|
Kininogenase, stimulates production of prostaglandins and leads to further vasodilation and shock
|
|
It is common to see Splanchnic blood pooling in dogs and what form in cats?
|
Pulmonary blood pooling in cats
|
|
What are some factors that influence the severity of the snake bite and its amount of venom deposited?
|
Time of Year
Age of the Snake Time since last Strike Location of the bite Activity of the Victim since the bite Form of attack, offensive, defensive, or agonal (worst) |
|
The diagnostic plan for a snake bite patient is what? What is key to observe on the chemistry panel?
|
CBC, Chem Panel with CK to note muscle damage and indicate severity of envenomation, Platelet count, and Coagulation Panel
|
|
What is the first and most important portion of treatment post bite?
|
IMMOBILIZE the patient to reduce the circulation of the venom. This may include administering Benedryl, not for its antihistamine properties but rather its sedative properties.
|
|
There is an Antivenin available but often the risks of administration are greater than the snake bite. What are the indications for administering the antivenin?
|
Rapid and progressive swelling especially near the head that may affect respirations
Severe Coag issues Shock Neuromuscular toxicity Must be given ASAP |
|
Elapids or Coral snakes are less common than pit vipers howver they produce a different toxin. What is the toxin?
|
Primarily a neurotoxin which produces a neuromuscular junction blockade
|
|
What is the time for onset of signs with Coral Snake bites?
|
170 mins
|
|
Both Pit Vipers and Coral Snakes can cause an increase in the CK values of the chem panel. What are some different clinical signs of coral snake bites?
|
Agitation
Ptosis Dysphagia Ptyalism Vomiting Flacid quadriplegia |
|
There is an antivenin for Pit Vipers, is there one for Coral Snakes?
|
Not in the US, instead ventilator support and IV lidocaine are used for ventricular arrhythmias if present.
|
|
What is the outcome of most snake bites?
|
Recovery for both Pit Vipers and Coral Snakes, possible tissue loss is all.
|
