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8 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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The 8 steps of the scientific method
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1. Choosing an Issue
2. Defining the problem 3. Reviewing the literature 4. Developing a hypothesis 5. Designing a project 6. Collecting data 7. Analyzing the data 8. Reporting the findings |
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Independent versus dependent variables
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Independent variable: the event or item in your experiment that you will manipulate to see if that difference has an impact. Dependent variable: This is depended on or caused by the independent variable
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Cofounding & extraneous variables
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cofounding: may be affecting the results of the study but haven't adequately accounted for.
extraneous: may influence the outcome of an experiment but are not actually of interest to the researcher. |
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inductive versus deductive reasoning
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inductive: help us to understand a problem using our own human capacity to put ourselves in the other person's position.
deductive: logically proceed from one demonstrable fact to the next and deduce their results. |
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inferential reasoning
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the act or process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true
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Correlation vs causation
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Correlation: some relationship between two phenomena, doesnt necessarily mean that one is the cause of the other.
Causation: The belief that events occur in predictable ways and that one event leads to another |
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Random Sampling
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number of people chosen by an abstract or arbitrary method, (random)
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Sample bias
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sampling bias is when a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population are less likely to be included than others
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