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54 Cards in this Set

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Def. Thomas Theorem
"If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences"
ex of Thomas Theorem with movie theatre fire
If someone yells fire in a move theatre everyone will respond as though there is a fire
3 historical forces that spurred the creation of SOC
1. Technology
2. Urbanization
3. Social upheaval
Explain the 3 forces that led to sociolgy
TECHNOLOGY kept improving and new things were made, which cause URBANIZATION which increased the population of poor people which led to SOCIAL UPHEVAL because the poor were unhappy
The study of sociology:
scientific study of interactions and relations among human beings
Auguste Comte
coined name SOCIOLOGY
people in modern society were suffering from "intellectual anarchy"
3 stages
Comte's Law of 3 Stages
1. Theological - religous leaders have answers
2. Metaphysical - philosphers
3. Positive or Scientific - knowledge based on scienctific principles
Emile Durkheim
bellieved that even in a world of selfish people they would all still rely on one another to survive
Solidarity
likeness that held premondern societies together
Collective Conscience
similar circumstances led people to have shared ideas, values, and goals
Mechanical Solidarity
people in a community function as a machine - each serves a purpose
T/F:
As people become more specialized and different they grow apart
false,
they grow to depend on one another
Organic solidarity
society functions as a complex entity that depends on the proper functioning of a variety of parts
The Division of Labor in Society
no matter how much modern age people want to be free, they are forced to interact
Frederick Tonnies
2 types of relationship
Ends in and of themselves
entered for reasons of affection and emotion
Means to a specific end
entered for reasons to benefit
example of:
ends in and of themselves
means to a specific end
MiaoT: friends, relationships
MtaSE: hiring a tutor
Ends in and of themselves
entered for reasons of affection and emotion
Means to a specific end
entered for reasons to benefit
Gesellschaft v geinschaft
Gelleschaft = social relationships
Gemeinschaft = communal relationships
Max Weber
Compared the way of life in PM and M societies
example of:
ends in and of themselves
means to a specific end
MiaoT: friends, relationships
MtaSE: hiring a tutor
Gesellschaft v geinschaft
Gelleschaft = social relationships
Gemeinschaft = communal relationships
Max Weber
Compared the wayy of life in PM and M societies
PM or M:
Farming and crafting were ways of life
PM
PM or M:
work to live
M
Rational v Nonratinal college study
Rational: college is a means to a good job
Nonrational: college is about learning new things
Karl Marx
communist manifesto
economics is everything
Bourgeoisie and Proletraiat
B: owns the means of production - factory owner
P: workers
Who argues that "religion is the opium to the masses"
Marx
he thought it masked the inequalities of the poor
who debated with the ghost of Marx?
Weber
Herbert spencer's main idea
promoted the theory of social Darwinism
Jane Addams was known for:
founded Hull House
first sociologist to win Nobel Prize
WEB DuBois
first african american to get PHD from harvard
T/F:
DuBois strongly disagreed with segregation
False:
He actually suggested it and was booted from NAACP for being too radical
Durkheim's study of suicide conclusions:
The less people felt integrated the more likely they were to commit suicide
Catholics or Protestants more likely to commit suicide?
Protestants
catholics beleive in being together
"Sociologial imagination"
Mills
the ability to look beyond what he called "personal troubles" of individuals to see "public issues of social structure"
Mills believed that people COULD/COULD NOT alter their circumstances
people COULD NOT alter their circumstances
Skepticisms importance in SOC
if one believes everything they hear, there is no reason to question anything further
Merton
there are MANIFEST and LATENT consequences
MANIFEST
obvious, intended
LATENT
hidden, unintended
ex. of manifest and laten for PRISONS
M: keeps criminals off the street, safer for public
L: Criminals become more knowledgable of crimes
Fuzzy Objects
There is no for sure: "This will happen if that occurs"
because of uncertainty principle
three paradigms
1. Functional
2. Conflict
3. Interactionist
Functionalist Paradigm
I. there is an agreement of important values and norms
II. society is made of integrated parts that change together
III. Society tends to seek stability
Conflict Paradigm
opposite of Functionalist:
I. people cherish other beliefs and have conflicting goals
II. subgroups will compete ruthlessly for scarce resources
III. society is NEVER harmonious
Interactionist Paradigm
how people construct their social world:
I. how people act depends on how they see reality
II. people learn from others how to view reality
III. interpret their own and other's behaviors to determine if they are "mean"
IV. when people do not attach the same meanings of things there will be conflict and misunderstanding
MACRO v MICRO
MACRO: family, group
MICRO: individual
Empiricism
things that can be observed through the senses - touch, smell, sight
Inconvenient facts
piece of evidence that opposes a belief that you have always had about the social world
Ethnocentrism
judging others and their customs as inferior to your own