Sociology 210 Part IV

How people are unequal and what it means in their lives

biological differences or where we have no control

have control over: job, prestige, education...

putting things on levels - it is better to be one thing than another

wealth
power
prestige

Weber's hierarchies- all high or all low

men and women are not the same biologically. (women have the children)

tradition, biology, religion, media, socialization...

women make 75 cents per every $1 men make

85% sexual assaults are at women

ensures someone it taking care of the kids and that someone is providing economic support

bad mothers
cant reach full potential
economic waste

When one difference is better than another

socioeconomic status

possibility of movement between the strata

no movement between strata
a caste system

key institution: economic
technology determines everything, look at people in relation to technology
proletariat and bourgeoisie

there are various hierarchies:
-class
-power
-prestige
crystallization

Davis and Moore
stratification is functional because it allows us to fill certain positions and is inevitable

the study of population

independent

No, purely descriptive

serious implications for social systems

more and more each year, small divet in 1400s because of the plague

s-curve of population (looks like a leaf)
births > deaths = growth

there may be a limit to how many people/ animals the environment can hold

-reach capacity and all die off
-experience some leveling out factor and stop growth

assumed cc of e
said population outstrips food supply

Malthus
keep the population in check naturally
-war
-disease
-famine

Malthus
measures society puts in place to keep population in check
-later marriage
-policies on bc, # of children, etc

birth-deaths+immigration-emigration

-births
-deaths
-migration

# of births for every 1000 people in the population

# of children born to 1000 women of child bearing age

# of deaths per 1000 people

pushes and pulls

avg # of years you can expect to live from a certain age

# of men per 100 women

and aggregate of people located in a geographical location sharing culture and norms and having a full range of institutions

full scale of institutions

full range of institutions

community not self sufficient

nomads

emergence of cities

V. Gordon Childs
climate, fertile land, tools, domestication of plants and animals

V. Gordon Childs
cities developed writing, science, arts, and a variety of specialists

V. Gordon Childs
a surplus of food, obtained by tax

V Gordon Child

family (kinship) and religion (hearth)

development of trade and commerce
merchant class
the burgs

technology: steam, car, cotton gin...

preexisting cities

mechanization of agriculture

Only exists when anyone can become a citizen

Tonnies
towns and villages

Tonnies
urban environments

CONTINUUM

Durkheim
people interdependent on one another

folk--------urban communities

Park & Burgess
central business district -> factories -> working men's homes -> middle class homes

all cities are laid out the same

the city and its region

Banfield
in order to keep people - must move up or out
-technology
-population
-economics

the spread of people and industry out of city center

Simmel
the brain - sensory overload leading to thinking with brain instead of heart - shift to secondary groups

-large
-dense
-heterogenous

apathetic

Gans
1) urban villagers
2) cosmopolites
3) unmarried singles/couples with no children
4) trapped/downwardly mobile
5) deprived (poor)

trapped, downwardly mobile, deprived

-cities lost money when people moved out, lost taxes, sent into bankruptcy
-urban sprawl disrupted natural world
-poor minorities live in center, had jobs in suburbs
-middle class live in suburbs, have jobs in city centre