sociology

Scientific study of human social activity and social institutions

Manifest function, latent, & dysfunction

See the general in the particular.” à Able to see social trends. (Suicide)-Still valid today
-Very 1st scientific study conducted in sociology

Conflict theorist.
Your life chances are determined by your biography.

Men, Single, Wealthy, Protestant. (Lacked social integration, isolated from others.)

Women, married, poor, Jewish/catholic. (Have social integration)

Father/Founder of sociology. 1st to propose a scientific study of sociology. (arm chain sociologist)

Astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, socioly( most complex...Proposed to be queen of sciences)

simple) 1. Theological- Religious
2. Metaphysical- Karma (transitional)
(complex) 3. Positivism- the scientific (experiments, observation)

Talcolt Parsons (Structural Functionalism)
Society is a system of interdependent parts that work together to promote stability/harmony.

Obvious, intended

Hidden, unintended values

Father of Conflict Theory

Negative

Karl Marx -
Society is made up of groups of people that are in competition with one another for resource (power, opportunities, money, ect.)

Individuals social interactions (symbol interactionism) Individuals analyze/interpret social interactions based on past experiences or knowledge.

Charles Horton Cooley
How we formulate self- concept. Formed by social interactions

The Real you

Impression, management

contribute to the field of study

producing change in society

Pick something that you like

Being neutral

1. Pick a topic
2. State your Problem
3. Review literature
4. Formulate a hypothesis
5. Choose a research strategy

(Basic element of science) a mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplified form. Example: “society”, “the family”, and “the economy”

- A concept whose value changes from case to case. Example: “social class’- Upper, middle, lower class.

a prediction between the relationship of two or more variables, drug legalization, reliability

Survey research, participant observation, secondary anaylsis, experiment

a relationship in which two (or more) variables change together

Analyzing information collected by others. Ex: US census, data

the pathology of imprisonment (1971)
Hired people to be actual jail members and other people to be actual jail workers, ect.

to refer to a change in a subjects behavior caused simply by the awareness of being studied.

is reasoning that transforms general theory into specific hypothesis suitable for testing.

reasoning that transforms specific observations into general theory.

Traditions, values, behaviors, and material objects shared by a particular group of people.

tangibles/things you can see/touch
- technology

Values, standards- youth, convenience, desirable, attractive, good.

Anything that has representation
-Gestures, objects, colors

Traits found in every culture

Allows us to engage in cultural transmissions
Changes overtime (LOL, WTF, OMG)
-Changes from place to place

Language is a product of our culture

Rules that guide or influence behavior

Norms that have great significance (supported by laws)

Norms that have little social significance

rapidly changing technology
moral, ethnical, legal

How we respond to peoples behavior. Can be positive or negative.

Values contradict that of dominant culture. Example: Polygamists
(multiple spouses at the same time)

Understanding that there are cultural variations

judging/evaluating other cultures by standards of your culture

To refer to cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite.

to designate cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population

The lifelong process by which culture is transmitted to the individual

Circumcision went wrong and they cut it off and he was turned into a female. Documents said eh lived a normal female life but in reality he was messed up.

Nature-biology, genetics
Nurture-Environmental, Social

was tied up till 13 and cut off to the world. Left her completely messed up (70s) never was able to grow up.

people who were raised with no interaction

- Harry and Margaret Harlow conducted a study where they placed monkey sin carious conditions of isolation. Some were completely alone, some were newborns placed with artificial mothers. All showed signs of not knowing how to interact with other groups when they were placed with them.

Mead’s central concept is the self, the part of an individuals personality composed of self- awareness and self image. Mead’s genius was in seeing the self as the product of social experience.

Developed the theory of social behaviorism to explain how social experience develops an individuals personality.

Others are a mirror in we can see ourselves

Studied human cognition, how people think and understand

1. Sensorimotor Stage
2. Formal operational stage
3.Preoperational stage
4.Concrete Operational stage

the level of human development at which individuals think abstractly and critically (ages 2-7)

The level of human development at which individuals experience the world only through their senses (ages 0-2)

The level of human development at which individuals first use language and other symbols (ages 7-11)