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15 Cards in this Set

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Auguste Comte?
French philosopher that invented the term "sociology" to distinguish his views from rivals.
Emile Durkheim?
French scholar that came up with "social facts," "organic solidarity," "social constraint," and "anomie."
Social facts?
Aspects of social life that shape our action as individuals. To be studied scientifically.
Organic solidarity?
Social cohesion that results from various parts of society functioning as a whole.
Social constraints?
Conditioning influence on our behavior of groups which we are members. Distinctive properties of social facts.
Anomie?
Situation in which social norms lose their hold over individual behavior. Feeling of aimlessness or despair.
Karl Marx?
German philosopher that came up with "material conception of history" (material factors have a prime role in determining historical change).
Max Weber?
Believed main dynamic of modern development is the RATIONALIZATION of social and economic life. Why did Western societies develop differently?
Symbolic interactionism?
George Mead - role of symbols and language as core elements of human interaction.
Functionalism?
Social events can best be explained in terms of the functions they perform?
Manifest function/latent functions?
Known and intended vs. unintended or unrecognized by people involved in activity
Postmodernism?
Belief that society is no longer governed by history or progress.
Factual/comparative/developmental/theoretical questions?
matters of fact vs. comparisons between different societies vs. origins and development of social institutions vs. explaining range of observed events
Representative sample/random sampling?
Sample from larger population that is typical of that population vs. every member of population has same chance of being included
Triangulation?
Using multiple research methods to produce more reliable empirical data.