Sociology Section 1

all of the following are included in the scientific study of sociology except:
a. society
b. social pathology
c. social groups
d. human behavior

the box about sociology and other social sciences explains that one sield is applied, combining sociology and psychology. which is it?
a. social work
b. political science
c. anthropology
d. history

the sociological imagination is:
a. socratic concept
b. quality of mind
c. sociological theory
d. statistical analysis

u.s. alcoholism is:
a. a social issue
b. a personal issue
c. a personal trouble
d. a social theory

peter berger wrote a description of sociology and sociologists. his works was called:
a. society and its ideal types
b. the sociological imagination
c. the proletariate
d. an invitation to sociology

the author claims that sociologists must make their generalizations while:
a. avoiding stereotypes
b. setting our issues to the forefront
c. looking for statistics
d. ignoring government information

sociological thinking involves all of the following except:
a. taking a closer look at our social world
b. accepting official government responses
c. asking questions
d. questioning answers

when sociologists take a look beneath the surface of our world taken for granted, they find that often what passes for common sense is really______.
a. common legend
b. true
c. common nonsense
d. false

forms of communication that transmit standardized messages to widespread audiences are classified as:
a. mass media
b. verbal
c. global strains
d. technologically inept

all of the following are examples of technomedia, except:
a. fax machines
b. cd-roms
c. video games
d. newspapers

most of the early writers were more concerned about what society:
a. should be
b. was
c. had done to destroy itself
d. had exceeded success of other societies

the use of observation, comparison, experimentation, and the historical method to analyze society was referred to as _____ by auguste comte.
a. positivism
b. research
c. science of philosophy
d. social darwinism

which sociologist linked social integration to suicide risks?
a. auguste comte
b. emile durkheim
c. harriet martineau
d. max weber

according to durkheim, social solidarity found in simple rural societies based on tradition and unity was called:
a. soldernose
b. mechanical
c. organic
d. gemeinschaft

which sociologist established african american sociology?
a. jane addams
b. max weber
c. lester f. ward
d. WEB du bois

which level of analysis focuses on the day to day interactions of individuals and groups in social situations?
a. micro
b. larger social
c. institutional
d. macro

seeing society as a stage where people define and redefine meaning as they interact with one another is part of the _____ theory.
a. symbolic interactionism
b. conflict
c. structural functional
d. social exchange

this theory claims that society is made up of interdependent parts, all of which help society operate properly.
a. symbolic interactionism
b. conflict
c. social exchange
d. structural functional

this theory claims that in society diverse groups compete for scarce resources:
a. social exchange
b. symbolic interactionism
c. structural functionalism
d. conflict

this theory uses the organic analogy of society:
a. symbolic interactionism
b. social exchange
c. structural functionalism
d. conflict

in the authors' example of the media stories, claiming that natural blondes are going extinct, they point out the first wisdom of sociology. what is the first wisdom?
a. common sense guide most studies
b. things are not necessarily what they seem
c. trust the scientific data
d. take things at face value

the rules and guidelines sociologists use in their research are called:
a. paradigms
b. theories
c. methodologies
d. ideal types

most of what people learn about other people, groups, and society comes from personal:
a. study
b. victimization
c. experience
d. intuition

faith goes beyond tradition because it is often supported by:
a. authority
b. scientific data
c. intense emotional commitment
d. truth

all of the following are examples of how people know except:
a. experience
b. authority
c. religion
d. science

a set of interrelated propositions, or statements, that attempt to explain some phenomenon is called a/an:
a. theorem
b. theory
c. assumption
d. knowledge claim

sociologists using the detective type approach to understanding society are using:
a. multi task complex reasoning
b. abstract reasoning
c. inductive reasoning
d. deductiive reasoning

the extent to which a technique accurately measures what it purports to measure is called:
a. reliability
b. proofability
c. generalizability
d. validity

when a change in one variable is accompanied by a change in the other, the two variables are considered to be:
a. causal
b. bifurcated
c. correlated
d. propositional

which is the first step in applying the scientific method?
a. review the literature
b. state the problem
c. develop a hypothesis
d. chose a research design

the mean is the:
a. midpoint in a list of numbers
b. most commonly occurring number in a list of numbers
c. arithmetic average of a list oof numbers
d. sum of the mean, median, and mode

the authors refer to laud humphrey's controversial study called the tearoom trade (1970) to demonstrate what an _____ study might look like.
a. unfunded
b. ethical
c. unethical
d. well funded

when trying to answer the question "what?", a sociologist woulduse:
a. exploratory research
b. secondary analysis
c. explanatory research
d. clinical research

when sociologists want to answer the "what?, how?, and why?" they utilize:
a. survery research
b. clinical research
c. explanatory research
d. experimental research

a variable that brings about change in another variable is called the:
a. independent variable
b. control variable
c. secondary variable
d. experimental variable

when respondents know they're being studied and that knowledge influences their behavior, it's known as the _____ effect.
a. confounding
b. dependent
c. experiment
d. hawthorne

the two most common survey instruments are _____ and interviews.
a. questionnaires
b. mail outs
c. dial ups
d. crutch selections

if a sociologist wants to ensure representatives of his or her sample, he or she utilizes a/an:
a. pseudo sample
b. qualitative sample
c. stratified random sample
d. convenience sample

which type of study would researchers use if they talked extensively to respondents to learn as much as possible about them and their behaviors?
a. ethnographic studies
b. participant observations
c. qualitative studies
d. clinical studies

when sociologists analyze forms of communication (tv, movies, magazines, internet) they are utilizing:
a. survey analysis
b. content analysis
c. experimental analysis
d. participant observation analysis

in the opening section of ch 3, the authors discuss the nature of understanding our own cultural values and assumptions. they argue that culture is so pervasive and taken for granted that it rarely enters into our:
a. discussions
b. classrooms
c. consciousness
d. vocabularies

all of the following are part of the definition of culture, except:
a. learned set of beliefs
b. genetic determination
c. material goods
d. values and norms

our mental blueprints that serve as guidelines for group behavior are called:
a. nonmaterial objects
b. nonmaterial culture
c. material values
d. material culture

in the discussion of nature vs nurture, the authors aruge that:
a. nature is the dominant force
b. sex, food, and drink needs determine behavior
c. human drives determine behavior
d. even the strongest drives can be delayed by rules for proper behavior

in the sociocultural evolution point of view, societies grow more:
a. historically determined
b. strucureless
c. homogenous
d. complex

most hunting-gathering societies dominated the planet _____ years ago.
a. 5000
b. 7000
c. 5000-10,000
d. 10,000-50,000

the key for pastoral society success is:
a. domesticated plants
b. domesticated animals
c. industrial technology
d. service economy

having access to _____ is crucial in horticultural socities.
a. hand tools
b. domesticated animals
c. tractors
d. fertilizers

all of the following are crucial to postindustrial societies, except:
a. factory work
b. service industries
c. knowledge
d. manufacture of info

when a person enters a new culture and feels confusion and disorientation, he or she may well be experiencing:
a. culture shock
b. cultural relativism
c. ethnocentrism
d. cultural dominance

to evaluate another culture based on your own cultural standards is called:
a. cultural relativism
b. culture shock
c. ethnocentrism
d. cultural minimization

to evaluate another culture according to its standards and not our own is called:
a. cultural minimization
b. culture shock
c. cultural relativism
d. ethnocentrism

the authors claim that we should avoid:
a. viewing all cultural practices as being equally valid
b. accept all cultural practices in an effort to respect diversity
c. neutralize our own values in considering other cultures
d. view all cultural practices as being morally correct

a complex set of symbols with conventional meanings that people use for communication is called:
a. language
b. symbolic interactionism
c. simply symbols
d. signals

the sapir-whorf hypothesis claims that languages lead people to think in:
a. particular ways
b. stratified ways
c. unmeasurable ways
d. random ways

shared ideas of what is socially desirable are known as:
a. cultural determination
b. values
c. laws
d. norms

all of the following are identified u.s. values except:
a. work
b. selflessness
c. efficiency
d. achievement

salient norms that people consider essential to the proper working of society are called:
a. folkways
b. norms
c. mores
d. values

codified norms are called:
a. beliefs
b. values
c. laws
d. taboos

_____ are penalties or rewards society uses to encourage conformity or punish deviance.
a. laws
b. media
c. sanctions
d. mores

newborn infants become human through the process of:
a. socialization
b. biological growth
c. feral attention
d. genetic determination

which influence is considered paramount in the nature vs nurture debate?
a. nature
b. genetics
c. environment
d. darwinism

today, there is much agreement that:
a. only nature is important to our socialization
b. only nurture is important to our socialization
c. neither nature nor nurture are important to our socialization
d.both bature and nurture are important to our socialization

_____ integrates sociology and biology in an effort to better understand human behavior.
a. sociobiology
b. socioanthropology
c. sociosociology
d. sociopsychology

the legend of greystoke, the wild boy of aveyron and other cases of neglected children illustrate the phenomenon of:
a. feral children
b. clever animals
c. child abuse
d. child neglect

the cases of anna and isabella underscore the importance of _____ interaction in human development.
a. functional
b. structural
c. social
d. symbolic

mead divorce the self from biology and viewed peoples' ability to think of themselves as social objects in relation to:
a. moods and dispositions
b. famous people
c. laws
d. others

mead argued that the self is composed of two distinct parts. they are:
a. me and other
b. i and other
c. i and me
d. other and genes

the process in which individuals use others like mirrors and base their conceptions of themselves on what is reflected bak to them is known as the:
a. walking home self
b. mead's self
c. conflict self
d. looking glass self

the _____ self emerges in particular situations.
a. nondescript
b. walking home
c. looking glass
d. situated

those groups and institutions that formally and informally socialize us are called:
a. socializers
b. agents
c. directorates
d. feralizers

the first major agent of socialization is:
a. the hospital
b. the school
c. the family
d. the car

children socialize _____ _____ _____ as they grow in the family.
a. looking glass selves
b. teachers and pets
c. tv and internet
d. other family members

the 2nd major agent of socialization is:
a. the tv
b. the family
c. the government
d. the school

all societies have:
a. institutionalized desocialization
b. formally organized families
c. institutionalized religious practices
d. formally organized churches

what makes peers unique as socializing agents?
a. they have variable status/authority
b. they get along
c. they don't select one another
d. they have about the same status/authority

our work roles have been linked to our:
a. deviance patterns
b. sense of self
c. cultural taboos
d. feral experiences

_____ _____ theory suggests that much human behavior is learned from modeling others.
a. social learning
b. social survival
c. social behavioral
d. human modeling

u.s. teens spend more time with _____ than any other forms of media.
a. cable tv
b. mail
c. internet
d. radio

the process in which individuals move from one biological and social stage to another is referred to as the:
a. life course
b. developmental course
c. move course
d. stage course