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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which ligaments limit extension of occiput over C1?
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atlanto-occipital ligament
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which structures hold articulating bones together?
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ligaments
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which structures hold muscles to bones
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tendons
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which structure can attach muscles to muscles or muscles to bones and is a flat, sheetlike tendon?
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aponeurosis
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upper cervical ligaments are associated with which vertebra?
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occ-C2
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Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane is located
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superior aspect of anterior arch of c1 to anterior aspect of FM
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Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
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posterior arch of atlas to posterior aspect of FM
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Function of anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
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limits extension
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Function of posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
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limits flexion
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Which upper cervical structure extends from posterior body of C2 to anterior rim of FM and limits both flex and ext of atlas/occ?
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tectorial membrane
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Transverse ligament of the cruciate membrane of the vertebral column - Location
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between lateral masses of C1 over the dens
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Transverse ligament of the cruciate membrane of the vertebral column - Function
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Holds the dens in place. Allows rotation
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Superior longitudinal ligament of the cruciate membrane of the vertebral column - Location
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From the TL to anterior rim of FM
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Superior longitudinal ligament of the cruciate membrane of the vertebral column - Function
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holds TL in place. Allows slight flexion/ext - yes motion
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Inferior longitudinal ligament of the cruciate membrane of the vertebral column - Location
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From TL to body of C2. Limits flexion
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Two ligaments on either side of the dens that prevent excessive rotation of the skull. 2 names
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alar or check ligaments
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Alar ligments run from either side of the dens to
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occipital condyle - same side
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Which ligament prevents anterior shear of the occiput
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Apical
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Which ligaments extend from either side of the odontoid process to the lateral mass of C1?
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accessory atlanto-axial ligaments
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Which ligaments protect the atlanto-occ and atlanto-axial joints?
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Capsule ligaments
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Which lig runs from FM to sacrum anterior to the vertebral bodies?
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Anterior longitudinal ligament ALL
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What does the ALL do?
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Limits extension of the vertebral column
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What does the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament do?
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Limits flexion of the vertebral column
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Which ligament runs inside the anterior vertebral canal?
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Posterior LL
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Which ligament makes up the anterior border of the spinal canal?
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PLL
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Which longitudinal ligament is narrower and weaker?
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PLL
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Which longitudinal ligament prevents herination of the nuclus pulposa?
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PLL
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Location of the Ligmentum Flava
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between the laminae, paired
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Which ligaments make up the posterior wall of the verebral canal?
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Ligamentum Flava
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Where is the LF the thickest?
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Lumbar region
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Where is the LF thin and long?
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Cervical region
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What does the LF look like in the thoracic region?
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Thicker than cervical, less so than lumbar
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What ligaments strengthen the vertebral column after flexion?
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Ligamentum Flava
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Which ligaments presever the natural curvature of the spine?
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Ligamentum Flava
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Which ligaments protect the IVD?
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Ligamentum Flava
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Which ligaments limit abrupt flexion of the verebral canal?
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Ligamentum Flava
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Which ligmaments resist separation of the laminae?
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Ligamentum Flava
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What is the weak membrane between the spinous processes?
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interspinous ligament
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What ligaments limit contralateral flexion of the vertebral column?
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Intertransverse ligamaments
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Intertransverse ligaments extend between the TP in the cervical region as
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scattered fibers
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Intertransverse ligaments extend between the TP in the thoracic region as
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round fiberous cord
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Intertransverse ligaments extend between the TP in the lumbar region as
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thin membrane like fibers
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Which ligament connects the tips of the spinous processes?
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Supraspinous ligament
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The supraspinous ligaments runs
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From C7 to the sacrum
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Location of the nuchal ligament
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EOP - C7
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In the cervical and lumbar region, what shape are IVDs?
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Thicker anteriorly
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In the thoracic region, what shape are IVDs
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Uniform thickness
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In what regions are IVDs thick anteriorly?
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Cervical and Lumbar
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In what regions are IVDs of uniform thickness?
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Thoracic
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What is the thickness of a cervical IVD?
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2/5 of the cervical body
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What is the thickness of a thoracic IVD?
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1/5 of the thoracic body
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What is the thickness of a lumbar IVD?
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1/3 of the lumbar body
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How many IVDs are there in the spinal column?
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23 (or 24 if one is present between sacrum and coccyx)
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How man IVDs are there in the cervical region?
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6 (there is not one between C1 and C2)
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How many IVDs are there in the thoracic region?
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12
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How many IVDs are ther in the lumbar region?
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5
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Which ligament forms the Tectorial Membrane?
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PLL
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Which ligament forms the ANTERIOR atlanto-occipial membrane?
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ALL
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Which ligament forms the POSTERIOR atlanto-occipial membrane?
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Ligamentum Flava
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Which ligament forms the ANTERIOR atlanto-axial membrane?
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ALL
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Which ligament forms the POSTERIOR atlanto-axial membran?
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Ligamentum Flava
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Which ligaments support the Z joints?
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Capsular ligaments
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The articulation between the head of the rib and the vertebral body is called
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Costocorporeal articulation
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The articulation between the costal tubercle of the rib and the TP is called
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Costotransverse articulation
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The costocorporeal and costotransverse articulations limit which movements?
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Lateral flexion and axial rotation
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This ligament connects the crest of the rib head to the IVD
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Intra-articular
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This fiber of the radiate ligaments connect the rib head to the vertebral body above
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superior fibers of the radiate ligament
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This fiber of the radiate ligament connects the anterior rib head to the IVD discs
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horizontal fibers of the radiate ligament
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This fiber of the radiate ligament connects the rib head to the vertebral body below
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inferior fibers of the raidiate ligament
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Which ribs do not form a costotransverse articulation with their vertebral body?
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11th and 12th
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This type of joint is immovable
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Synarthroses
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This type of joint is slightly moveable
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Amphiarthroses
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This type of joint is freely moveable
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Diarthroses
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This type of joint is mostly synarthrotic and made from dense fibrous tissue
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Fibrous Joint
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This type of fibrous joint is interlocking and rigid
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Sutures
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When a suture ossifies in middle age it is called
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synostoses
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The interosseous membrane between radius and ulna is an example of this type of fibrous joint
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syndesmoses
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Bones united by cartilage create this type of joint
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Cartilaginous joint
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A cartilaginous joint held together by hyaline cartilage is called
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synchondroses
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A cartilaginous joint held together by fibrocartialge is called
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symphyses
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The epiphyseal plate is an example of this kind of cartilaginous joint
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Synchondroses
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The epiphiseal plate is made from this type of cartilage
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hyaline cartilage
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This type of cartilagious joint is strong and flexible and made from fibrous cartilage
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Sympheses
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This type of cartilaginous joint is amphiarthrotic
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symphesis
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Two examples of sympheses
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Pubic Symphesis and Intervertebral discs
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This type of joint is diarthrotic
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Synovial
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All synovial joints are have this type of joint movement
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diarthrotic
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Synovial joints have this type of articular cartilage
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hyaline
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This is the distinguishing feature of a synovial joint
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a joint capsule or space
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This type of ligament of a synovial joint is fibrous and part of the joint capsule
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Capsular ligament
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This type of ligament reinforces the synovial joint and is found outside the joint capsule
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extracapsular ligament
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This type of ligament of the synovial joint is found deep to the joint capsule and is covered by the synovial membrane
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intracapsular ligament
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An elongated busae that wraps completely around a tendon
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Tendon sheath
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Acromioclavicular joint is this type of joint
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Plane
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This type of joint has flat articulating surfices and a sliding motion
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Plane joints
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Dens of C2 is an example of this kind of joint.
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Pivot
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Biaxial joints that pemit all angles of movement such as the metacarpalphalages joints
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Condyloid joints
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Biaxial joint that allows greater range of motion than condylar joints, such as the thumb
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Saddle joint
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Most freely moving synovial joints, multiaxila movement
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Ball and socket - such as hip and shoulder joints
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Annulous fibers are
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thinner posteriorly and incomplete in cervical vertebrae
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Joints of the vertebral bodies are formed by
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IVDs
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Outer ring of the IVD
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Annulous Fibrosus
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Inner portion of the IVD
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Nucleous Pulposa
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NP is
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avascular and located between the ceter and posterior of the IVD
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Uncovertebral joints
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between the uncinate processes of C3-C6
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Plane Synovial joints ,between Superior/Inferior Articular Processes , Facet joints
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zygapophysial joints
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Atlanto-occipital joint is this type of synovial joint
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Condyloid
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Most common herniation of the NP
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Lumbar and Lumosacral
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Jefferson or Burst fracture is a fracture of this vertebrae
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C1
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On xray, a Jefferson or Burst fracture may appear as
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widening of the lateral masses
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Jefferson or Burst fracture
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Anterior and/or posterior arch is fractured by compression of C1 between occipital condyles and axis -accompanied by rupture of transverse ligament
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Fracture of C2 - Hangman's fracture
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usually on Superior/inferior articular processes of C2 from hyperextension of the head and neck
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Swelling or deformity of the DIP
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Heberden's Nodes
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Swelling or deformity of the PIP
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Bouchard's Nodes
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Osteoarthritis most often found in large, weight bearing joints such as the hips and knees
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DJD
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