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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Science is...
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1) seeing patterns (laws, regulations principles, predictions)
2) practical narratives, 3) communal knowledge |
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Modern science consists of
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1) critical examination of patterns 2) underlying + hidden principles 3) theory-driven creation of tools 4) issues in science
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Scientific Method
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1) observed pattern of experience 2) generalized principle 3) hypothesis 4) operationalization 5) produce new observation
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Induction
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Using evidence to prove hypothesis. Observed pattern -> general rule.
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Deduction
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What you see everywhere you should see in this. General rule -> specific incident
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Notion of soundness
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Argument has 1) valid logical argument and 2) true premises
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Validity
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Conclusion follows premises (premises aren't necessarily true if it's valid)
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Excess term by association
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excess term (4th) that changes a certain meaning in a syllogism.
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Correlation error, Undistributed middle Term
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Incorrect category inclusion in a syllogism. A term gets undistributed.
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Second correlation error, illicit process fallacy
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Term is used in conclusion but not in any other premises.
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6 requirements of Critical Thinking
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1) Falsifiable 2) logical, 3) comprehensive, 4) honest, 5) replicable, 6) sufficient
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Nominal data
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categorical data where the order of the categories is arbitrary
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Ordinal data
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categorical data where there is a logical ordering. can have mode, median.
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interval measure
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measures such as temperature where there can be no 0
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ratio measure
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measures things such as height, where it's possible to have 0 inches.
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Categorical completeness: Exhaustive
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Include all relevant categories or individuals (democrats, republicans, populists)
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Categorical completeness: Exclusive
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Do individuals fit into 1 category per variable? (almuni, current uci student)
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