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20 Cards in this Set

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What is the difference between presentation of Vit B12 deficiency and Folic Acid deficiency?
B12 def- neurologic symptoms- paresthesias, subacute combined degeneration due to abnormal myelin; Both macrocytic megaloblastic anemia and hyperseg of PMNs
What vitamins have a reserve pool in the liver?
Vitamin B12- large, several yrs
Folic Acid- small
What vitamin is shown in excess with Sarcoidosis?
Vit D- hyper-Ca, Hypercalciuria, loss of appetite, stupor due to activation by epithelioid macrophages
Vitamin E deficiency?
hemolytic anemia; posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demylination
Why are babies given a Vit K shot?
Prevent neonatal hemorrhage w increased PT and PTT but normal bleeding time due to sterile intestines that can't synthesize Vit K
How does ethanol cause hypoglycemia?
Increases NADH/NAD ratio in the liver causing diversion of pyruvate to lactate and OAA to malate leading th einhibition of gluconeogenesis and stimulating fa synthesis
What is Kwashiorkor?
protein deficiency- malnutrition w skin lesions, edema, fatyy liver due to decreased apolipoprotein synthesis- small child w swollen belly
What is Marasmus?
energy malnutrition resulting in tissue and m wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat, and variable edema
What is the rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis?
phosphofructokinase-1
What is the rate limiting enzyme for gluconeogenesis?
fructose-1, 6- bisphosphatase
What is the HMP shunt?
Provide NADPH from glu-6-phos; NADPH is required for reductive Rx like glutathione in RBCs
What is glucose-6-P dehydrogenase deficiency?
X-linked recessive; AA; decrease in NADPH in RBCs leads to hemolytic anemia precipitated by fava beans, sulfonamides, primaquine, anti-TB drugs; Heinz bodies and Bite Cells
What is NADPH oxidase and what does a deficiency cause?
found in neutrophils and macrophages for oxidative burst generation; Chronic Granulomatous Disease
What enzyme activity is increased during the fed state?
Fructose bisphosphatase 2 leading to synthesis of fructose-6-phosphate and gluconeogenesis
What enzyme activity is increased during the fasting state?
Phosphofructokinase 2 leading to synthesis of fructose 2, 6 bisphosphate and glycolysis
What does arsenic poisoning inhibit and what are findings in arsenic poisoning?
inhibits lipoic acid a cofactor necessary for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex- vomiting, rice water stools, and garlic breath
What is Hexokinase?
1st step of glycolysis in w low Km and Vmax and is uninduced by insulin w feedback inhibition by G-6-P
Where and what is Glucokinase?
liver and beta cells of pancreas w high Km and Vmaz induced by insulin w no direct feedback inhibition and phosphorylates excess glucose after a meal to sequester it in the liver "buffer"
What is and what processes uses NADPH?
electron acceptor
anabolic processes like steriod and fa synthesis, resp burst, P-450, glutathione reductase
What does oligomycin inhibit?
mitochondrial ATPase causing an increased proton gradient w no ATP being produced