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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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From what kind of context did the Romans world's worldview appear?
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A context of pagan religious ideas which provided the foundation for Greek philosophy.
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What two things need to be understood to make sense of the Roman worldview?
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paganism and Neoplatonism. Plato's philosophical approach is arguably the most systematic explanation available of the world view of his day. Neoplatonism was the dominant philosophy and the form Plato's ideas took within the Roman Empire)
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From where does word "pagan" originate?
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From the Latin "pagus" meaning "the countryside," and pagani meaning "rural people." Referred to practitioners of older world religions in rural areas when Christianity began to flourish in the urban centers.
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Paganism is most often connected with,,,,?
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Nature worship
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According to Paganism, what was the primary function of religion?
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to keep the gods happy so they did not destroy the people and- for the more benign gods- to encourage a them to help the people by blessing the natural world.
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What did "mystery religions" promise their worshipers?
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salvation and a mystical experience of a deity.
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What idea was systematized and developed by Plato's philosophy and its philosophical and religious successors?
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the idea that both the gods and humanity were part of nature.
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What is one of the key questions in metaphysics?
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the problem of universals and particulars: aka the problem of "the one and the many."
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What was the name of Aristotle's approach to the problem of universals and particulars which argued that the the particulars in the physical world are the fundamental grounds of reality and that they exist independently of the universals or ideas that connect them. Through a process known as ABSTRACTION we distill a set of qualities out of the particulars, which then defines the universal. In other words, the universal does exist, but it has a secondary existence because it is abstracted out of the particulars.
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Realism
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What was the name of Plato's approach to the problem of universals and particulars which argued that because the particulars were constantly changing they cannot be the fundamental ground of reality. Reality has to be built on something that is unchanging and unchangeable. Since the physical world changes constantly, ultimate reality must be based in the nonphysical world of ideas, since ideas are the only things we know of that do not change. The idea is therefore primary. The universal idea, known as the archetype, casts shadows, and these shadows we see and experience in the physical world. The particulars are real, but they have a secondary existence based on their connection with the leaf.
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Idealism
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T or F According to Platonism, experimentation and observation are the keys to truth
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false: logic and idea
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True or False, Plato made the observation that we cannot judge anything to be better or worse than anything else without an absolute standard against which we can measure the two.
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True: according to plato, there must be a single archtype for all particulars. This archetype he called "the One" or "God."
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Describe the Neoplatonic God
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Impersonal and does nothing on the basis of its will or desires, because it has none.
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What was the most common religion among the educated classes in the Roman Empire? What was its goal and how did one achieve it?
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Neoplatonism. Its goal was mystical union with the One through contemplation of the spirit.
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What are 5 ways in which Buddhism and Neo platonism are alike?
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1) both believe in a fundamental interconnectedness of all things. 2) both have as a goal a mystical experience of fundamental reality achieved through contemplation or meditation. 3) Both see ultimate reality as impersonal 4) Both permit the worship of many gods as a lower-order component of their religious belief 5) Both are essentially philosophies that have been converted into religions.
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Name the concept in which spirit is superior to matter
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dualism
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