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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Official Crime Statistics
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revealed how recorded crime appears to be a masculine activity (87% of all recorded crime)
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- Victorians> women’s conformity with biological theory, sociologists favour ‘transgression’. - Crime, delinquency and deviance viewed as a (working-class) “male thing” that usually ends as they ‘settled down’. - However, the growth of laddette behaviour is challenging the implied links between deviance and masculinity. |
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3 questions we need to address in order to ascertain if women are less criminal than men
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o Are there differences in the amount of crime committed by men and women?
o Are there differences in the kinds of crime committed by men and women? o Is there any evidence that women’s crime has changed in either amount or kind? |
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Female crime statistics
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- Whilst they commit less than men, women commit all types of offences.
- Women fear and feel the impact of the stigma of the ‘criminal’ label and are also labeled ‘doubly deviant’ due to breaking the norms of femininity and society. |
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“Chivalry” Factor
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- Some argue women are more deviant than they appear and are protected by a ‘chivalry factor ‘by police, courts, etc.
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Hilary Allen
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Argues mental health explanation (including PMS) for female criminality results in lighter punishments by the courts.
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Eileen Leonard
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Challenges the 'chivalry factor‘pointing out how ‘bad women’ are treated more harshly than some men
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Frances Heidensohn
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Suggests that the question we should be asking is not why some women commit crime, but why women are so non-criminal?
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- She considers three explanations: o Biological Theory o Sex-role Theory o Transgression |
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Biological Theory
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The origins of this theory go back to Victorian ideas such as Cesare Lombroso
It argues that 'normal' females have a disposition that repels them from deviant and criminal behaviour. |
**This theory has little support in sociology, although a link between female crime and hormonal and menstrual factors has been made |
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Pat Carlen
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Control Theory:
Has adopted control theory located in 'class deals' and 'gender deals'. |
- Females who are most likely to become criminal are those who have not had, or have rejected, the 'gender deal'. - Females who have been in care, thrown out of home, or have rejected 'normal' family life, are the most likely to be law-breakers. |
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Frances Heidensohn
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Argues most women conform because failure to do results in labeling as unfeminine behaviour.
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