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13 Cards in this Set

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Durkhiem
Argued strongly for the organic analogy (we hare norms and values). Things that happen in society will affect you (war) and society lives on when individuals die within it.
* "get over it and move on" approach.
Functionalism explanation of inequality
A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power.
Stratification
A structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society, also known as a hierarchy.
* Note: Davis and Moore
Ascribed Status
A status one is born into with no effort of gain; The Queen.
Achieved Status
A status that is worked towards and then gained, effort is put into this "goal".
Davis and Moore
Proposed the theory of stratification (functional for society) A system of status positions and jobs, stratification is universal and necessary.
*Important jobs filled with best.
* Heavily criticized by Tumin for being extremely conservative.
Kendall et al (critique)
Points out that the functionalist approach generally ignores factors such as radical discrimination, lack of job opportunities...
* This theory is attractive to those with power and wealth in society; those that are poor lack talent and effort?
New Right
Margaret Thatcher & Ronald Reagan: People make a radical choice to stay poor as it's easy to sit around and do nothing (living off benefits)
*Believe that people are often lazy and selfish so they must be encouraged to work by making the welfare they live on lower.
Criticisms of New Right
- ignores the fact that some people have better access to wealth compared to others.
-Dual standards, rich people are expected to work to be rewarded, poor work to avoid poverty.
Trickle-down Theory
Basic belief is to cut taxes to the rich and businesses, the whole population will then benefit from this as the rich will spend more of their money to boost the economy.
*The rich still find loop-holes to avoid playing taxes; living abroad for large parts of the year or putting it in their families name.
Charles Murray
Those at the bottom (underclass) are outside the cultural values of the rest of society. He sees them embracing an alternative subculture of deviant values centred around being work-shy, lazy and selfish.
Peter Saunders
Similar view as Murray: however adopted a view similar to post modernists>society less divided along lines of class & more in terms of consumption.
Consumption Cleavage
Saunders' argument of 'social re-stratification' has taken place, dividing those seeking to satisfy their consumption needs.