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what are the unique features of mycoplasma and ureplasma?
smallest bacteria.

NO CELL WALL - so they're beta-lactam resistant.

also means no peptidoglycam or LPS.

Immunogens are glycolipids, also they have sterols to enhance cell membrane.

very slow growth.

Mycoplasma pneumonae = obligate aerobe.

have "fried egg" appearance (mycoplasma)
what's weir d about mycoplasma genome? how do they avoid killing?
smallest known - lost lots of genes, have to be obligate parasites, mooch ATP and such.

they have extreme antigenic variation to avoid host defenses.
how does mycoplasma cause disease?
M. pneumonae have a P1 adherence factor that allows them to bind to the base of ciliated epithelia, usually at the top of the lungs.

NOT INVASIVE - they prevent motion of the cilia, then necrosis. Perhaps by making free radicals (also kill off RBC's and cause anemia).
what's another word for non-beating cilia?
ciliastasis.
quick review of Mycoplasma pneumonae virulence factors
antigenic variation

P1 adherin.

No toxins, but makes oxygen radicals.

Immune driven pathology (perhaps superantigen).
how can you test for mycoplasma? why is it non-traditional?
it's really slow growing, hard to grow on plates.

do COLD AGGLUTINATION TEST.

draw blood, look for clumps. IgM's to the bacteria will cause RBC's to clump together.

these days, also do COMPLEMENT FIXATION, elisa, IFA, PCR.

COMPLEMENT FIXATION : looks for specific antibodies or antigen. use sheep RBC's and anti RBC antibodies + complement, then add in your antigen/antibody of interest, plus opposite.

if your antigen/antibody is there, they'll bind up and steal away all the complement. the RBC's don't get lysed.
describe the disease course of pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumonae: who's affected most?

treatment?
tends to affect kids/teenagers. 20% of all pneumonias.

"walking" pneumonia.

not veyr sick, low ever, no hospitalization usually. looks different on X-ray from strep. pneumonae (not a whole lobe). No alveoli.

a cominbation of erythromycin and tetracycline is a good treatment option.
Compare and contrast our two pneumonias:
pneumococcal (strep pneumo):

sudden onset, more severe, whole lung lobe, high WBC count, high fever,

Mycoplasma: WBC's below 15k, temperature below 39, not a whole lobe, gradual, pathy infiltrate.
Mycoplasma - let's just throw out some keywords now
cytadherence

P1 adhesian protein (likes ciliated cells)

ciliastasis

fried egg

walking pneumonia (5-15 yrs old).

cold agglutenation