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57 Cards in this Set
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curved G- bacilli
acid-labile oxidase +, catalse - rice-water stool can grow at pH 9.6 |
Vibrio cholerae
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2-3 incubation abrupt onset of diarrhea and vomiting massive fluid loss treat with tetracycline or macrolide 60% mortality if untreated poor sanitation |
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toxin from lysogenic conversion
causes increase cAMP |
cholera toxin
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halophic
curved G- bacilli oxidase +, catalase - |
vibrio parahaemolyticus
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from contaminated seafood/water diarrhea and vomiting case clusters from food source treat with doxy or cipro |
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curved G- bacili
oxidase +, catalse - causes cellulitis or sepsis invasive disease has a capsule |
vibio vulnificus
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causes flacid blisters seen along coastal waters people with high serum iron are at risk treat with doxy or cipro |
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G -, spiral shaped
oxidase +, catalase + micoaerophilic has urease |
helicobacter pylori
vir factors= mucinase, adhesins, urease |
causes gastric and duodenal ulcers diagnose with urea breath test or stool antigen test treat with cocktail of antibiotics with antacid and anti-inflammatory |
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G - ,twisted bacteria
oxidase +, catalse + grows at 42 but not 25 associated with guillain barre |
camplobacter jejuni
O antigen mimics ganglioside on neural tissue--> reason for guillian barre |
1-7 day incubation entry is oral and is usually self-limiting leading cause of gastroenteritis fever, chills, myalgia first then acute onset of watery diarrhea treat with tetracycline, macrolide or quinolone |
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G - ,twisted bacteria
oxidase +, catalse + grows at 25 but not 42 protein capsule |
camplobacter fetus
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rare in US various animal reservoirs contaminated food commonly causes systemic infections often following gastroenteritis |
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G+ spore forming rod
anaerobic causes soft tissue infection or gastroenteritis |
clostridium perfringens
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causes gas gangrene or gastroenteritis alpha toxin (phopholipase) cause of most infections toxin is heat-labile treat with surgical debridement and high dose penicillin may require amputation |
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what causes necrotizing enteritis
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clostridium perfringens type C strain
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what does type A clostiridum perfringens cause?
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gastroentertis
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self-limiting 1-2 days incubation 8-24 hours |
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G + spore forming rod
leading cause of paralysis food borne illness |
clostridium botulinum
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small amounts of growth emit toxin most potent bacteria toxin known heat labile blocks ACh release at presynaptic terminal infant botulism most common in US death can result from respiratory distress treat with BIG IV or baby BIG iv antibiotics useless |
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G + spore forming rod
infection seen after treatment with antibiotics |
clostridium difficile
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normal flora destruction allows spores to germinate and grow toxin A-->enterotoxin, disrupts tight junctions toxin B-->cytotoxin treat by discontinuing antibiotic use metronidazole or vancomycin for severe cases |
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what causes pseudomembranous colitis
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clostridium difficile
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inflammation of lining surface of bowl can see via colonoscopy many WBCs in stool |
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G + spore forming rod
produces neurotoxin anaerobic blocks inhibitory neruotransmitters incubation 3-21 days |
clostridium tetani
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spastic paralysis AB toxin Lock jaw and opisthotonus infections of umbilical stump causes neonatal tetanus metronidazole prevents vegetative growth may need to give passive immunity |
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G +
"Chinese letters" morphology aerobic lysogenic conversion with toxin gene caused it to become virulent toxin targets cardiac and nerve cells |
corynebacterium diphtheriae
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black colonies on tellurite agar childhood disease non-toxic producers are normal flora AB toxin-->ADP ribosylation of EF2 and inhibits protein synthesis causes pharyngitis in early stage can compromise airway |
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G- coccobacillus
strict aerobe infects upper respiratory tract highly contagious |
bordetella pertussis
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Pertussis toxin increase cAMP and increases respiratory secretions tracheal cytotoxin kills ciliated epithelial cells causing cough IL-1 released causing fever treat with macrolides |
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What causes whooping cough
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bordetella pertussis
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3 stages catarrhal-->resembles common cold paroxysmal-->repeated coughs leading to vomiting convalescent-->may have secondary infections acellular vaccine has less side effects-->toxoid linked to adhesins |
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what is the DTaP dose schedule
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5 doses
2months 4months 6months 15-18months 4-6 years |
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G + spore forming rod
capsule not made of polysacchride 3 toxins: protective antigen, edema factor and lethal factor causes wool-sorters disease animal reservoir |
bacillus anthracis
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edema factor increases cAMP lethal factor is a cytotoxin protective antigen facilitates binding of other toxins (analogous to B portion of AB toxin) causes gastrointestinal, cutaneous, or inhalation disease treat with cipro, doxy, or penicillin prophylaxis for exposure threat and continued for up to 60 days human vaccine for military |
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inhalational anthrax
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mediastinitis from inflammatory respronse
mortalility 100% if untreated prolonged incubation can also seen meningitis |
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cutaneous anthrax
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most common from of anthrax infection
incubation hours to 7 days ulcer surrounded by vesicles death 20% if untreated |
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gastrointestinal antrax
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ingestion of contaminated meat
high mortality ~100% bacteremia and death cattle are vaccinated so this is very rare in US |
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G+ spore forming rod
aerobic heat stable toxin rapid onset of vomiting and abdominal pain associated with consuming contaminated rice |
bacillus cereus
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symptomatic treatment is usually adequate but can use quinolones, vancomycin or gentamycin short incubation(1-6h) and duration (12 h) emetic form from ingestion short toxin diarrheal form from spores germination in GI and making long toxin |
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G+ cocci in clusters
catalase + coagulase + beat hemolytic cause food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, and toxic shock syndrome encapsulated |
staphylococcus aureus
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protein A binds FC portion of IgG and doesnt allow opsonizatoin |
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staphylococcal food poisoning
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heat stable enterotoxin (superantigen) already in food (not produced in body)
reason for short incubation and duration resolves within 12-18 hours seen in picnic type foods |
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staphylococcal scalded skin syndrom
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exfoliative toxin (serum protease)
breaks apart desmosomes and desquamation of superficial skin secondary infections more serious most common in neonate no leukkocytes or staph in involved area |
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staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome
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fever and hypotensive shock
diffuse exfoliateding skin rash multi-organ disfunction toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 causes activation of many T cells supportive measures for organ function antibiotics are secondary can also be caused by streptococcus pyogenes |
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G+ cocci
catalase negative |
stretococcus
cocci in chains |
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G+ cocci
catalase positive |
staphylococcus
cocci in clusters |
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what species are in group A strep
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S. pyogenes
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what species are in group B strep
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S. agalactiae
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what species are in group D strep
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S. faecalis
(enterococcus faecalis) |
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what species are non-groupable strep
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viridans group and
S. pneumoniae |
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G+ diplococci
alpha hemolytic catalse negative optochin sensative capsulated |
S. pneumoniae
non-encapsulated can acquire capsule via transformation |
leading cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, otitis media, and meningitis pneumolysin that is toxic to WBCs and ciliated epithelium lobar pneumonia IgA protease drug resistance is a problem use quinolone or vancomycin |
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what do kids need a different S. pneumoniae vaccine?
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they do not have a good T independent response yet. Link carbohydrate to protein and induce T dependent response
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PCV schedule 4 shots 2months 4months 6months 12-15months |
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BEFORE CG PROPERTY LISTED ON A SF-120 CAN BE USED FOR MORALE EQUIPMENT IT MUST BE APPROVED BY _______ BEFORE GOING TO MLC, ISC, OR CO AT HQ UNIT.
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GSA
(PPM, 2-12) |
C |
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GAS virulence factors
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M protein-->adhesin and degrades C3b
streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin-->supertoxin C5a peptidase streptokinase and hyaluronidase-->cause spread |
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what does S pyogenes cause
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pharyngitis
impetigo erysipelas cellulitis endocarditis necrotizing fasciitis |
only anti-m protein antibody is protective over 90 strains of M protein 50% of invasive GAS cases associated with varicella-zoster infection |
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what are 2 late non-infectious complications of GAS
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acute rheumatic fever causing carditis or arthritis
type III hypersensitivity immune complex mediated associated with pharyngitis test-->anti-streptolysin O |
acute glomerulonephritis can been seen after a skin infections with GAS usually uneventful recovery test-->measure anti-dnase B enzyme |
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G+ cocci
catalase negative alpha hemolytic optochin resistant |
Viridans group strep
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usually normal oral flora but can cause subacute infectious endocarditis in patients with damaged valves prophylactic antibiotics during procedures for at risk patients |
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G+ cocci
catalase negative beta hemolytic bacitracin resistant CAMP test positive |
S agalactiae
group B strep polysaccharide capsule |
leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in first month of life must test women for GBS before birth via culture if positive treat with penicilin (IV) 4 hours before dilivery |
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G+ cocci
catalse negative strictly opportunistic |
enterococcus faecalis and faecium
group D strep |
3rd leading cause of nosocomial infection major antibiotic resistance faecium-->50% vancomycin resistant in some hospitals treat with daptomycin or linezolid |
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suppurative disease cause by Staph areus
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impetigo
foliculitis-->pus filled lumps furuncle/carbuncle-->larger than a boil and usually on back of the neck treat by draining abscess and with antibiotic |
can also cause bacterimia/endocardidtis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis |
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5 Cs of MRSA infection
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contact-->direct skin-to-skin contact
crowded living setting compromised skin contaminated surfaces cleanliness |
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G+ cocci
catalase + coagulase - |
staphylococcus epidermidis
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opportunistic infection usually mediated by implanted medical devices such as pacemakers or catheters |
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G - coccobacilli
encapsulated are pathogenic fastidious, grows on chocolate agar was leading cause of pediatric disease |
haemophilus species
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what diseases are causes by H influenzae
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type B-->meningitis, epigolttitis, bacterimia
nontypable-->otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia meningitis before age 5 is always due to Hib but is rare before 2 months |
H influenzae type B is responsible for most invasive disease capsule prevents deposition of C3b capsule material also released as a decoy Hib induced T-independent response which is poor in young children diagnose meningitis with lumbar puncture-->gram - coccobacilli and many PMN treate with cephalosporins and steroids |
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H influenzae virulence factors
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Lipooligosaccharide-->responsible for sepsis; ciliostatic and ciliotoxic
pili-->mediate attachment IgA protease |
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what is caused by Haemophilus aegyptius
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conjunctivitis or brazilian purpuric fever
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what is caused by haemophilus ducreyi
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chancroid
STD mostly in men tender lesion risk factor for transmission of HIV treat with macrolide |
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Hib vaccine
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polyribitorl pyrophosphate conjugated to protein to induce T dependent response in the young
3 doses 2months 4months 6months |
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G- diplococci
aerobic catalase + oxidase + |
Neisseria
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most species are residents of the mucosa N. sicca and moraxella catarrhalis |
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N. gonorrhea virulence factors
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pili-->mediates attachment to non-cilliated epithelium
sialyated LOS-->serum resistance but less invasive beta-lactamase iron chelating proteins opa protein-->attachment por protein-->prevent phagolysosome fusion |
pili,opa, and por undergo antigentic variation pili via rearrangement responsible for recurring infections gonococci can survive in cells |
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N. gonorrhea infection
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males-->usually symptomatic
females-->majority have no overt signs some strains cause disseminated gonococcal infections leading cause of purulent arthritis in adults |
principle diseases pharyngitis PID DGI ophthalmia neonatorum will seen extracellular and intracelluar gram neg diplococci on gram stain treat with cephalosporin or macrolide(if suspected coinfection with chlamydia) treat eye infection with tetracyline or erythromycin ointment |
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N meningitidis
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can be normal flora
causes meningitis or sepsis(meningococcemia-->waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome;vascultis) one of the leading causes of meningitis serotypes A,B,C cause 90% of meningococcal meningitis |
virulence factors capsule pili LPO IgA protease iron binding proteins |
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what helps differentiate meningitis causes by N meningitidis
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petechial rash (bruising of skin)
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G- diplococci
strict aerobe normal resident of URT |
moraxella catarrhalis
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causes sinusitis, otitis media, and bronchitis in elderly with pulmonary disease treat with amoxil, augmentin or cephalosporin |
