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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO WHAT TWO DIVISIONS?
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CNS AND PNS
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2 DIVISONS OF CNS
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BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
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PNS DIVISIONS
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SOMATIC-SKELETAL (CAN CONTROL)
AUTONOMIC- BREATHING, RESPIRATIONS (CAN'T CONTROL) |
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AUTONOMIC - DIVISIONS
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SYMPATHETIC - FIGHT/FLIGHT AND ADREGERNIC SYSTEM
PARASYMPATHETIC - REST/DIGEST AND CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM. |
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MAIN NEUROTRANSMITTER FOR PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM IS WHAT
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ACETOCHOLINE
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MAIN NEUROTRANSMITTER FOR THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM IS WHAT
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NOREPINEPHERINE
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4 BASIC RECEPTORS FOR SYMPATHETIC (ADREGERNIC) BRANCH
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ALPHA 1 AND 2
BETA 1 AND 2 |
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WHAT IS A SYMPATHOMEMETIC AGONIST?
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ACTS TO ENHANCE THE ACTION OF THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM (RELAXES SMOOTH MUSCLE)
TACHYCARDIA BRONCHODIALATION DECREASED DIGEST./URINATION PUPIL DIALATION |
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WHAT IS A PARASYMPATHOMEMETIC AGONIST?
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ENHANCES THE ACTION OF REST/DIGEST (STIMULATES SMOOTH MUSCLE), WHICH IS THE ACTION OF THE PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION.
CONSTRICT PUPIL STIM. SALAVATION BRADYCARDIA CONSTRICT BREATHING STIM. DIGEST/SEX ORGANS |
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ACTION OF ALPHA 1
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VASOCONSTRICTION
BRONCHIODIALATION GI RELAXATION |
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ACTION OF ALPHA 2 (NOT AS IMPT. AS OTHER 3)
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VASODIALATION
DECREASES NOREPHINEPHERINE |
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ACTION OF BETA 1
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STIMULATES HEART
RENIN RELEASE ADIPOSE BREAKDOWN |
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ACTION OF BETA 2
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BRONCHIODIALATION
VASODIALATION SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXATION |
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DOPAMINE RECEPTORS - WHERE ARE THEY FOUND AND WHAT DIVISION CONTROLS THEM?
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FOUND ON THE RENAL, CEREBRAL, AND CORONARY ARTERIES.
CONTROLLED BY SYPATHETIC |
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2 CLASSES OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVES
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ARB'S AND ACE INHIBITORS
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ARB'S
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ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
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GOALS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY
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REDUCES PUMP ACTION
VASODILATION REDUCE VOLUME |
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FIRST LINE OF DRUG THERAPY FOR HTN?
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ADMINISTERING A DIURETIC
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BLOOD PRESSURE RANGES
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NORMAL IS: LESS THAN 120/80
PRE HTN: SBP 120 TO 139, DBP 80-89 STAGE 1 140/90 TO 159/99 STAGE 2: GREATER THAN 160/100 |
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4 CLASSES OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVES
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ADRENERGIC-ACTING AGENTS
ACE INHIBITORS (ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS) ARB'S (ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS) CALCIUM CHANEL BLOCKERS (CCB'S) |
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WHAT IS THE BEST BP MED FOR DIABETICS
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ACE INHIBITORS
ARB's |
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THREE TYPES OF ADRENERGIC-ACTING AGENTS
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ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS (CAUSES VASODIALATION)
ALPHA 2 ADRENERGIC AGONISTS (CAUSE VASODIALATION) BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS (DECREASE HEART RATE, CONSTRICT BRONCHI) |
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TWO TYPES OF ANTIARRYTHMICS
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CCB AND BB
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HOW DO CCB'S (CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS WORK)?
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CALCIUM STIMULATES MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS. SO BECAUSE THIS IS A BLOCKER, IT WILL BLOCK INFLUX OF CALCIUM INTO CELLS, WHICH WILL RELAX THE HEART
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WHAT ANTI-ARRYTHMIC IS NOT IN ADRENERGIC SYSTEM?
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CCB'S
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SUFFIX OF BETA BLOCKERS
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OLOL
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SUFFIX OF ACE INHIBITORS
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PRIL
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SUFFIX OF CALCIUM BLOCKERS
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THERE IS NO COMMON SUFFIX
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IF A PATIENT HAS HTN, WHAT TYPE OF ADREGERNIC ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT DO YOU ADMINISTER?
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ALPHA 1 BLOCKER
ALPHA 1 ANTAGONIST ALPHA 2 AGONIST BETA ADREGERNIC BLOCKER |
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-SARTAN
EX: LO-SARTAN |
ARB (ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKER)
MINIMAL S/E'S BUT VERY EXPENSIVE. |
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INE
EX:MINOXIDIL |
DIRECT ACTING VASODIALATOR
ON MINOXIDIL, THE S/E IS HAIR GROWTH |
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WHEN WOULD HOLDING A BETA BLOCKER BE APPROPRIATE?
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IF PULSE IS LESS THAN 60
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WHAT INTERFERES WITH THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIS-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM?
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ACE INHIBITORS
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ADVERSE REACTIONS OF ACE INHIBITORS
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ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
DIZZINESS HEADACHE DECREASED TASTE CHRONIC DRY COUGH HYPERKALEMIA ACUTE RENAL FAILURE |
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TWO MOST IMPORTANT ADVERSE REACTIONS OF ACE INHIBITORS
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CHRONIC DRY COUGH
HYPERKALEMIA |
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WHAT BLOCKS ANTIOGENSIN II TO SPECIFIC RECEPTORS
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ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
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WHAT DO DIRECT ACTING VASODILATORS DO?
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RELAX VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLES
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WHEN ADMINISTERING MORE THAN ONE HTN DRUG, WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW?
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THEY SHOULD ALL BE IN DIFFERENT CATEGORIES
ALL ACT DIFFERENTLY MORE SIDE-EFFECTS, INCLUDING HYPOTENSION AND DIZZINESS |
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WHY CAN MORE THAN ONE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MED. BE PRESCRIBED?
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BECAUSE THEY WILL BE IN DIFFERENT CATEGORIES AND ACT DIFFERENTLY FOR THE SAME GOAL.
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HOW LONG MIGHT ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY NEED TO BE ADMINISTERED IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE RESULTS?
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SEVERAL WEEKS
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WHEN D/C AN ANTIHYPERTENSIVE, WHAT IS A GUIDELINE?
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DO NOT STOP ABRUPTLY
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WHEN TAKING AN ORAL ANTIHYPERTENSIVE WHAT SHOULD'NT YOU DO?
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SKIP DOSE
DOUBLE DOSE |
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WHAT NURSING INTERVENTIONS SHOULD YOU FOLLOW FOR A PATIENT ON AN ANTI-HTN?
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MOVE AND CHANGE POSITION SLOWLY
DANGLE PATIENT AT BEDSIDE MONITOR BP, PULSE, AND WEIGHT |
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WHAT MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE TREATMENT PLAN FOR THE PT. ON ANTI-HYPERTENSIVES?
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BALANCE DIET
ADEQUATE EXERCISE STRESS PREVENTION |
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FUNCTION OF DIURETICS
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PROMOTE FORMATION AND EXCRETION OF URINE
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GOALS OF THERAPY FOR A PATIENT ON DIURETIC THERAPY
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DECREASE BP
DECREASE EDEMA |
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CLASSIFICATIONS OF DIURETICS
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CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS (CAI'S)
OSMOTIC LOOP POTASSIUM-SPARING THIAZIDE AND THIAZIDE-LIKE |
