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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the main roles of the nervous system?
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The nervous system coordinates all body activities.
sensory input (internal and external) integration and processing of sensory input produce the proper output signal (motor output) in response to sensory input |
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What are glia?
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Glia are neurons and supporting cells which interact to form the nervous system.
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Which part of the nervous system permeates the entire body?
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peripheral nervous system
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What are the four structural components of the neuron?
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Dendritic tree
cell body (cell soma) axon synaptic terminal |
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Where in the neuron is the action potential generated?
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axon hillock
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What is the role of the axon?
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The axon transmits the action potential from the hillock to the synaptic terminal.
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What is the role of the myelin sheath?
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The myelin sheath provides electrical insulation to enable rapid action potential transmission.
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What is the role of the synaptic terminal?
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Each synaptic terminal transmits information to another neuron, muscle cell, or gland.
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What is the part of the neuron that is specialized to transmit electrical output signals to other neurons?
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synaptic terminal
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What is the role of the cell body (cell soma)?
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The cell body (cell soma) processes and integrates the incoming graded potentials.
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Where are organelles located?
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cell body
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What is the dendritic tree?
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The dentritic tree has a large surface area to receive incoming information from sensory cells and other neurons.
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What is a graded potential?
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A graded potential is an electrical signal generated by a stimulus. The size of the graded potential relates to the size of the stimulus.
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What are the four essential properties of the neuron?
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Perception of internal/external chemical, electrical, and physical signals.
Information integration and processing to generate proper output signal Send output signal to a specific region for transmission Transmit output signal to another neuron, muscle cell, or gland |
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What is an action potential?
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An action potential (nerve impulse) is an electrical output signal generated at the hillock.
When the neuron is sufficiently stimulated, there will be a change at the axon hillock which will cause an action potential to be generated. known as the "language of the nervous system" |
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What is membrane potential?
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Membrane potential is the difference (voltage) that exists across the cell membranes. It provides the energy necessary to support the action potential.
The membrane potential of a resting neuron is always negative (-40 to -90 millivolts). |
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What regulates the opening and closing of voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels?
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Change in membrane potential (voltage) regulates their opening and closing.
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What is an action potential?
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An action potential is an electrical output signal that is generated at the hillock.
When the neuron is sufficiently stimulated, there will be a change at the axon hillock which will cause an action potential to be generated. known as the "language of the nervous system" |
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Which active transport protein generates and maintains the membrane potential?
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The sodium/potassium active transport protein pump uses large quantities of ATP to form Na & K concentration gradients that establish and maintain the membrane potential.
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What is depolarization?
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Depolarization is the change in membrane potential that makes it more positive or less negative.
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What is the purpose of the large surface area of the the dendritic tree?
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The large surface area of the dendritic tree facilitates information collection by neurons.
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