Texas A&M University Chemistry 102 Common Terms

Ionic compounds are basically defined as being compounds where two or more ions are held next to each other by electrical attraction.

atom or group of atoms carrying a positive charge and anion.

atom or group of atoms carrying a negative charge.

A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, and other covalent bonds. In short, the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms when they share electrons is known as covalent bonding.

A molecule in which there is some separation of charge in the chemical bonds, so that one part of the molecule has a slight positive charge and the other a slight negative charge, i.e., the molecule has a permanent electric dipole (a pair of equal and opposite charges a short distance apart). Water is a well-known example of a polar molecule.

An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge.

A particularly strong type of dipole-dipole interaction; it arises between a small very electronegative atom ( Usually F, O, or N) and a hydrogen that is covalently bonded to another small very electronegative atom (usually F, O, or N)

Interactions between molecules, ions, or molecules and ions.

Forces of attraction an ion and a polar molecule exert on each other; the ion and the portion of a polar molecule that has the opposite charge will line up and be attracted to one another.

Temporary correlations of electron movements on different molecules that result in temporary dipoles being established and attracting the molecules to one another; while all molecule possess this type of intermolecular force, this is the only type of intermolecular force possible between two non-polar molecules..

The solvation energy when the solvent is water.

Forces of attraction two polar molecules exert on each other; the positive part of one will line up with the negative part of the other.

Forces of attraction a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule exert on each other; this force is generated when the presence of a polar molecule causes the electrons in the nonpolar molecule to shift, causing a temporary dipole on the nonpolar molecule.

The ease with which the electron cloud of an atom or a molecule can be distorted.

The process of inducing a dipole.

The energy associated with surrounding a material with molecules of a solvent.