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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neuron
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Basic unit of the nervous system
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Sensory neuron
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A neuron that responds to input from Sense organs
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Motor neuron
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Sends signals to muscles to control movement
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Interneuron
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Neuron conected to other neurons
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Brain circuit
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A set of neurons that affect each other
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Axon
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Sending end of the neuron
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Terminal button
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Structure at the end of a branch o an axon that when the neuron is triggered, releases chemicals into the space between neurons
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Dendrite
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The reelike part of a neuron that receives messages from the axons of other neurons
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Resting potential
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The NEGATIVE charge within a neuron when it is at rest
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Ion
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an atom that has a positive or negative charge
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Action potential
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The shifting change in charge that moves down the axon
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All or none Law
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States that if the neuron is sufficiently stimulated, it fires sending the action potential all the way down the axon and releasing chemical from the terminal buttons , either the action potential occurs or not
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Myelin
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Protective coat that permits impulse to travel
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Synapse
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The place where an axon of one neuron can send signals to the membrane on a dendrite or cell body of another neuron
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Synaptic cleft
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Chemical that carries a signal from the terminal button on one neuron to the dendrite or cell body of another
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Neuromodulator
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A chemical that alters the effect of a neurotransmitter
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Endogenous cannabinoids
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Neuromodulators released by the receiving neuron that then influence the activity of the sending neuron
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Agonist/ Antagonist
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Chemicals that mimics or blocks the effect of a neurotransmitter by invading a receptor
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Glial cell
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A type of cell that surrounds neurons, infulences communications among them and cares and feeds neurons
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PNS
Peripheral Nervous System |
The autonomic nervous system and the sensory somatic nervous system
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Autonomic Nervous System
ANS |
Controls the smooth muscles in the body some glandular funcions and many of the bodys selfregulating activities such as digestion and circulation
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Symppathetic Nervous System
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Part of ANS
Fight or flight |
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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PArt of ANS
relaxation mode |
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Sensory Somatic Nervous System
SSNS |
Part of the PNS that consists of neurons in the sensory organs that convey information to the brain as well as neurons that actually trigger muscles and glands
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Skeletal System
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Nerves that are attached to striated muscles (Estriado )
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Spinal ord
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The flexible rope of nerves that runs inside the backbone or spinal column
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Central Nervous System CNS
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The spinal chord and brain
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Cerebral cortex
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The convoluted pinkish gray outer layer of the brain where most mental processes take palce
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Sulcus
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A crease in the cerebral cortex
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Gyrus
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A bulge between sulci in the cerebral cortex
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Subcortical structures
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Parts of the brain located under the cerebral cortex and beneath the ventricles
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Occipital lobe
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In the back of the head:
VISION |
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Temporal Lobe
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The lobe under the temples in fron of the ears
VISUAL MEMORY AND HEARING |
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Parietal Lobe
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Upper part behind the ears
REGISTERIN G SPATIAL LOCATION, ATTENTION AND MOTOR CONTROL |
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Somatosensory strip
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Homunculus
Behind central sulcus |
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Frontal lobe
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planning, memory search, motor control, and reasoning etc
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Motor strip
OR Primary motor cortex |
in front of central sulcus
controls FINE MOVEMENTS AND is organized by body part PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX |
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Forebrain
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Cortex
Thalamus lymbic system basal ganglia |
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thalamus
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receives from motor and sensory systems
ATTENTION (switching center) sleep control |
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hypothalamus
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controls eating and drinking and temperature, blood pressure,heart rate
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Hippocampus
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Allows new info to be stored
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Amygdala
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almond shaped
Emotions fear and anger read facial expressions LIMBIC SYSTEM |
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Limbic System
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hippocampus amygdala
fighting fleeing feeding and sex |
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Basal ganglia
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planning and producing movement
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Medulla
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Lowest part of lower brainstem
automatic control of breathing swallowing and blood circulation |
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Reticular formation
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Ascending awake
Descending part of ANS |
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Cerebellum
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a large structure at the base of brain concerned in part with physical coordination , estimating time and paying attention
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Pons
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Bridge betw brainstem and cerebellum
sleep to control of facial muscles |
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HINDBRAIN
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Medulla
Pons cerebellum parts of reicular formation |
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Midbrain
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Brainstem structures that lie between foerbrain and hindbrain including partos of Reticular formation
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Hormone
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chemical that is produced by a gland and can act as neurotransmitter
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Neuroendocrine stystem
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System regulated by CNS that makes hormones that affect funcions and provides CNS with info
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Pituitary gland
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Master gland regulates other ones but controlled by brain (hypothalamus)
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Hypothalamic ,pituitary adrenal axis
(HPA) |
work together against infection
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Electroencephalograph
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machine that records electrical curent produced by brain
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EEG Electroencephalograph
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recording from scalp of electrical activity
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MEG
Magnetoencephalography |
recordes magnetic waves
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Neuroimaging
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Brain scanning techniques to see structure or funcioning of neurons
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Computer assisted tomography CT (CAT
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Neuroimaging that produces a 3 dimensional image of brain structures using X rays
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Magnetic resonance imaging
MRI |
Magnetic properties of atoms to take sharp pictures of the structure of brain
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Positron emission tomography
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radioactive substance to track blood flow or energy consumption in brain
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fMRI functional MRI
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ammount of oxygen brought to a particular place in the brain while a task is performed
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TMS
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation |
stimulation from outside delivering a magnetic pulse through a wire coil into brain. This makes neurons fire.
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Pruning
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conections among neurons are eliminated
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Plasticity
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brains ability to be molded by experience
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Passive interaction
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environment in family is passively received by child
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Evocative interaction
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Genetic characteristics draw out behavior from other people
Blonds |
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Active interaction
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Choice to put yourself in a specific situation based on genetic tendencies
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Behavioral genetics
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tries to establish if differences among people are due to environment or genetics
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Heritability
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the degree to which variabilty is a characteristic due to genetics
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