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16 Cards in this Set

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Breeding Population (H)
A group of organisms that tend to choose mates from within the group. (H)
Hometown sweethearts
Genotype Frequency (H)
A measure of the relative proportions of different genotypes within a population. (H)
-Computed by dividing the number of individuals with each genotype by the total number of individuals.
Allele Frequency (H)
A measure of the relative proportion of alleles within a population. (H)
-Computed by counting the number of each allele and dividing that number by the total number of alleles.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
In the absense of nonrandom mating and evolutionary forces, genotype and allele frequencies will remain the same from one generation to the next.
Evolutionary Forces (H)
Four mechanisms that can cause changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. (H)
Mutation, Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, and Gene Flow
Nonrandom Mating (H)
(Somewhat consistent)Patterns of mate choice that influence the distributions of genotype and phenotype frequencies. (H)
-Inbreeding
-Assortive Mating
Inbreeding
Mating between biologically related individuals.
Assortive Mating (H)
Mating between phenotypically similar or dissimilar individuals.(H)
Such as blondes having a prefrence to mate only with other blondes
Polymorphism(H)
A discrete genetic trait in which there are at least two alleles at a locus having frequencies greater than 0.01 and too large to be the result of mutation alone.(H)
(many forms)
Fitness (H)
An organism's probability of survival and reproduction.(H)
Survival Rate
Balancing Selection
Selection for the Heterozygote and against the homozygote.
results in a balance between the two
Stabilizing Selection(H)
Selection against extreme values, large or small, in a continuous trait.(H)
Babies born smaller or larger than the optimum birth weight have less chance of survival.
Directional Selection(H)
Selection AGAINST one extreme in a continuous trait and/or selection FOR the other extreme.(H)
<-- or -->
Genetic Drift (H)
A mechanism for evolutionary change resulting from the random fluctuations of gene frequencies from one generation to the next.(H)
The Dunkers
Founder Effect (H)
A type of genetic drift caused by the formation of a new population by a small number of individuals. The smaller the population the greater the deviation(H)
Tristan da Cuhna
Gene Flow(H)
A mechanism for evolutionary change resulting from the movement of genes from one population to another.(H)
Often called Migration