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12 Cards in this Set

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PSA
Prostate-specific antigen.

Used to screen for prostate carcinoma, but really can be elevated in any prostate pathology (BPH, prostatitis, etc.)
Prostatic acid phosphatase
Prostate carcinoma
CEA
(2 major, 3 minor)
Carcinoembryonic antigen

Extremely nonspecific
Produced in ~70% of colorectal & pancreatic cancers; also in some gastric, breast, & thyroid medullary carcinomas.

Strategy: at diagnosis, check patient's CEA. If elevated, it is likely a tumor marker. Use it later to monitor response to treatment, possibility of mets, or recurrence
alpha-fetoprotein (2)
Hepatocellular carcinomas
Yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors) - nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testes

Made by fetus (normally)
beta-hCG (3)
Nice mnemonic - spells HCG! Plus they're all somehow related to pregnancy

Hydatidiform moles
Choriocarcinomas
Gestational trophoblastic tumors
CA-125 (2)
Ovarian CA, malignant epithelial tumors

VERY non-specific
S-100 (3)
Melanoma
Neural tumors
Astrocytomas
Alkaline phosphatase
(3 - not all cancers)
Metastases to bone
Obstructive biliary disease
Paget's disease of bone (made from excess bony turnover)
Bombesin (3)
Neuroblastoma
Lung cancer
Gastric cancer
TRAP
Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Hairy cell leukemia (B cell proliferation)
CA-19-9
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Calcitonin
Thyroid medullary carcinoma