Unit III: The Protestant and Catholic Reformations from 1500-1600

Was scared of not going to heaven (church forced peeps to think this way) till he realized that not good works but faith will save a person. When Tetzel told peeps to give $ for salvation (indulgences) he finaly brought his ideas to the world and posted the 97 theses on Tetzel's church door. He created Luteranism

Thought by Martin Luther. good workers follow faith

1517 A friar who traveled giving indulgences in order to finance St. Peter's Church in Rome

claim by church that it would free peeps from punishments of sin or salvation of purgatory in return for atonment & $

Luther though Tetzel was tricking peeps and indulgences wouldn't clense peeps or grant grace. In responce he posted 95 theses why indulgences wree bad on the castle church at Wittenburg

his duty was to apprehent and repress heresy in his empire. Wanted a council to fix church abuses but the pope refused 'cause of fear council will take over

Luther summoned here in 1521 for a council talk at Rhineland. Here he was placed under the ban of the empire, bul elector of Sacony and other Ger princes took him under their protection...they liked how his religion gave them more power and no payment to Roman pontiff and ability to take over church lands

from Ger. were stirred by new religious ideas of Luther. worked upon by preachers who went beyond luther into thinking that each individual could tell whats right for wrong. Aims- were social & economic. wanted regulation of rents and security of village rights and complained of oppresive rule by manoral overlords..Luther hated them and supported their slaughter. He stated that peeps should be subservant to state

emerged from pheasant rebellian in 1520s. type of protestant closesly associated to Calvinists

1546 A league of Luthern princes and free cities against Geremperor. King of Catholic Fr, Francis I, allied and supported League since they wanted to maintain division of Ger. Thus Ger had civil struggle b/w Cath and protestant states

liberty won from Schmalkadic war. Each state of the mpire could choose to be Luther or Catholic but no individual freedom to choos religion allowed. Ex. If state choose Luther than everyone is Luther

1555 stopped the Schmaldic war. Was victory for protestism, Ger polics & consitutional matters. made ger into many different states. Granted liberty to choos religion and Ecclesiastical reservation

any Catholic bishop or Luthern who changed religion opposed to the state's religion had to leave state and leave behind their land

Fr who at 24 joined forces w/ religious revolutionaries like Luther. He created Calvinism

1536 Calvin wrote it in Latin. It addressed his institutes to all the world. In the institutes, symbolizes peeps of all countries, and talked about going anti-Cath and joining Calvinism. It used human reason

belief by St. Augustine that humans could never earn salvation by own action and that grace came from the action of good since he is omniputent and decided what happens to u in ur life

Calvins believed Presbyteries elected bodies of ministers and devout laymen that should govern. Good thing about it-- element of lay control in chruch affairs and thus broke monopoly of priestly power and promoted secularization Bad thing-- reversed secularization since they wanted to christianze all of society

was Calvin's modern Calvinist community in Switzerland. A body of ministers ruled chruch and also town. loose light living was bad, hersy peeps were exciled, worship was severe and intellectual rather than emotional. Peeps went to Geneva to see a true scripture community and make one in their own country

Sp refugee of inquista who denied god sought shelter in Geneva. Calvin prounced him a heretic and was burned at stake

From Fr, they were calvinists and opposed Luthern and Catholic churches as ungodly impositions of worldy power

1550's he brought Calvinism to Scotland where Presbyterianism became est. religion.

Eng parliament passed this doctrine which declared Eng king to be the "Protector and Supreme head of church and clergy of Eng." All subjects r required to take oath acknowledging the religious headship of Henry VIII rather than pope. He then closed communications to Rome. Sir Thomas Moore refused to take oath and so was killed.

1539. Hengry's doctrine stating everyone must believe in transubstantiation, celebracy (no marriage) of priests, the need of confession, & etc. Henry VIII did this cause he was Catholic but just believed in ability to divorse

Was in Elizabeth's time... all eng subjects forced to belont to it. Eng replaced Latin; no cult of saints; clergy could marry. Bishops and archbishops continued to sit at House of lords (as judges)

1563 39 basic beliefs about the Angilican Church different from other christians it was composed yb committee of bishops and Elizabeth I

replica of Church of Eng forced opon it after Norman conquest of Ireland by Eng. While the Church of Eng took over the position or Cath churches pees were still Cath. THe old Catholic priests deprived of status, income & church buildings often went into hiding and became nati leaders of discountented peeps.

Was the idea of limiting papal power 'cause councils r more rep. and effective... in order to stop this the pope stated that no act of council can be valid unless approved by pope

translated by St. Jerome. It was believed the only version where authoriative teaching could be based

where a church oficial holds several offices.. this abuse was finally check by the council of trent

1st of line of reforming popes. He viewed papal office as hights rank, but unlike predecessors, he regared the office as a moral & religious force. He accepted Jesuits, active in counterreform, est. Council of Trent, excommunicated Henry VIII

was a missionary who helped the poor in his trip to the wreakage of Paris where est protestant churches failed to produce anything comparable

Authroized by Pope Paul III in 1540.Constructed a new monastic order less attached to the convent and more towards active participation in affairs of the world. Was strict and had to believe whaterver the Church said. Thought absolute transmission in mattters of faith. wnated pope to have more power "ultramontanism" and worshiped the curch itself as a devine institution

an order of nuns of the Roman Cath Church. Founded in 16th century and devoted to education of girls

from sp. like Luther and Calvin he also had a religious experiance of conversion. in 1521 he resolved to be a soldier of church, militant cursador for pope and Roman Chruch. He est the society of Jesus (Jesuits)

horrifying mystical training that each new jesuit had to undergo to join the Jesuits, created by Lolola

all jesuits took a vow of obedience towards pope. Later Jesuits preceded w/ arguing to get Pope rise above all bishops. Ultramontanism is the policy that favors increacing power of the pope.. follow pope w/ no question

a list of important books published by the bishop of rome where peeps were prohibited from reading them. Only reliable peeps w/ special permission could read them.

1542 est under a permanent committee of cardinals, the holy ofice; It was a sense of revival of famous medival courts (medieval courts were made to detect and repress heresy) Both had torture, heresy was regarded as supreme crime. They pronunced Galililo in trial

1480 to ferret out Jewish and muslim survivals in Spain. It was then emdowed agaist all countries ruled by Spanish to ferret out protestants especially in Netherlands, which had many calvinists. DIFFERENCESS OF SP & ROMAN.. tortuer for sp was burning while romans were milder. W/ growth of papal centralization the Roman inquisition in pricipal offered a court to protect purity of faith in all parts of Cath world