US History: The Federalist Era Flash Cards

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Title: US History: The Federalist Era
Description: The Federalist Era was a time period in American history from roughly 1789-1801 when the Federalist Party was dominant in American politics. This period saw the adoption of the United States Constitution and the expansion of the federal government.
Number of Cards: 41
Save Count: 3
Author: HueyFischer
Created: 2009-01-03
Tags: ap era federalist history print us
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • Daniel Shays
    • Leader of a group of Massachusetts farmers and malcontents who, in 1786, forcibly undertook to close the close the courts in Massachusetts in order to save their property from foreclosure.
    • Alexander Hamilton
    • At the Annapolis Convention of 1786, he proposed holding another convention at Philadelphia to propose amendments to the Articles of Confederation. He was appointed as the first Secretary of the Treasury.
    • James Madison, Jr.
    • He is considered to be the "Father of the Constitution." He took notes at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787, thus documenting what happened.
    • Edmund Randolph
    • He refused to sign the Constitution because it lacked a Bill of Rights. He is known as the "Father of the Bill of Rights." He was appointed as the first Attorney General.
    • Citizen Edmond Genet
    • He was a French envoy to the US, where he took advantage of his welcome as a hero to send out privateers and raising militia forces to fight the British. He became and embarrassment to the US and Washington demanded his recall.
    • John Jay
    • He was the first Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court and negotiated a treaty with Great Britain in 1794, which resulted in accusations that he had "sold out" to the British.
    • Thomas Pinckney
    • He negotiated the Treaty of San Lorenzo and was John Adams' running mate in the election of 1796.
    • Thomas Jefferson
    • He was appointed as the first Secretary of State.
    • Henry Knox
    • He was appointed as the first Secretary of War.
    • Benjamin Lincoln
    • He was the commander of the Massachusetts militia which put down Shays' Rebellion.
    • John Dickinson
    • He was the principal auther of the Articles of Confederation. He was,also, the principal author of the New Jersey Plan at the Constitutional Convention.
    • Ben Franklin
    • He chaired the Grand Committee at the Constitutional Convention which modified the Connecticut Compromise.
    • Roger Sherman
    • He proposed the Connecticut Compromise at the Constitutional Convention.
    • Gouvernor Morris
    • He chaired the Committee on Style at the Constitutional Convention and prepared the final form of the Constitution. He was the author of the Preamble to the Constitution.
    • Nathaniel Gorham
    • He was the presiding officer at the Constitutional Convention when they formed themselves into a Committee of the Whole.
    • Charles Maurice de Talleyrand
    • He was the crafty French foreign minister who was first hostile and then friendly to Americans during XYZ Affair.
    • Articles of Confederation
    • The first constitutional government for the United States.
    • Northwest Territory
    • The territory north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi Rivers governed by the Acts of 1785 and 1787.
    • Shays' Rebellion
    • A failed revolt in 1786 by poor debtor farmers that raised fears of "mobocracy."
    • Large-State Plan
    • Also known as the "Randolph Plan" or the "Virginia Plan," it was introduced at the Constitutional Convention to propose a bicameral legislature with representation based on population.
    • Three-Fifths Compromise
    • The compromise between the North and South that resulted in each slave being counted as 60% of a free person for the purposes of representation and taxation.
    • Anti-Federalists
    • The opponents of the Constitution who argued against creating such a strong central government.
    • The Federalist Papers
    • A series of pro-Constitution articles that were printed in New York.
      Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.
    • Small-State Plan
    • Also known as the "Paterson Plan" or the "New Jersey Plan," it was introduced at the Constitutional Convention to propose a unicameral legislature with equal representation of states regardless of size and population.
    • Bill of Rights
    • A list of guarantees that Federalists promised, in order to win ratification, to add to the Constitution.
    • Society of the Cincinnati
    • An exclusive order of military officers that aroused strong democratic opposition.
    • Federalists
    • Wealthy conservatives devoted to Republicanism who engineered a nonviolent political transformation of the United States.
    • Electoral College
    • The official body of voters, chosen by the states under the new Constitution, who in 1789 unanimously elected George Washington as president.
    • Funding at Par
    • Alexander Hamilton's policy of paying off all federal bonds at face value, with interest, in order to strengthen the national credit and the national government.
    • Assumption
    • Alexander Hamilton's policy of having the federal government take over and pay the financial obligations of the states.
    • Proclamation of Neutrality
    • A message issued by George Washington in 1793 that urged Americans to stay impartial and aloof from the French Revolution and their wars with the British.
    • Jay's Treaty
    • A document signed in 1794 whose terms favoring the British outraged the Jeffersonian-Republicans.
    • Quasi-War
    • An undeclared naval war between France and the US from 1789 to 1800.
    • Compact Theory
    • The political idea on which Jefferson and Madison based their anti-Federalist resolutions declaring that the 13 sovereign states had created the Constitution.
    • Nullification
    • The doctrine, proclaimed in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, that a state can block a federal law it considers unconstitutional.
    • Alien and Sedition Acts
    • Harsh and probably unconstitutional laws aimed at radical immigrants and Jeffersonian writers.
    • Anti-Federalists
      (party)
    • Political party that believed in the common people, no government aid for business, and a pro-French policy.
    • Federalists
      (party)
    • Political party that believed in a strong central government run by the wealthy, government aid to business, and a pro-British policy.
    • Whiskey Rebellion
    • A protest by poor western farmers that was firmly suppressed by Washington and Hamilton's army.
    • X,Y,Z Affair
    • This was a diplomatic episode in 1798 that worsened relations between France and the United States after three French agents attempted to extract bribes from American diplomats.
    • Rule of 1756
    • British policy which effectively shut off all foreign trade for the United States.