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166 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The group of countries who opposed the Axis Powers
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Allied Powers
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Germany and Italy, later joined by Japan
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Axis Powers
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Hitler launch the greatest air assault the world had yet seen
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Battle of Britain
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“Lightning war”
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Blitzkrieg
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Japans attack that killed Chinese civilians including women and children
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Rape of Nanking
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Attack on American navel base in Hawaii that resulted the U.S. entering the WWII
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Pearl Harbor
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President of the United States that entered the United States into WWII in 1941
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt
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Recruitment of men to be soldiers
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Draft
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Limiting the amount of food and supplies used to support the war effort
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Rationing
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Americans growing food at home to support the war effort
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Victory Garden
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Loan to the government to support the war effort
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War Bonds
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Stopped the advancement of Germany into the Soviet Union
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Battle of Stalingrad
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Largest battle in WWII
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Battle of the Bulge
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The Allies began the invasion of Europe on the beaches of Normandy
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D-Day
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German submarines that were used in WWII
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U-Boats
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Discrimination or hostility, often violent, toward Jews
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Anti-Semitism
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Locations for Jews and other Europeans to work or be killed
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Concentration Camps
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Nazi answer to the Jewish problem in Germany
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Final Solution
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Extermination of a race or culture
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Genocide
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The night during which Nazi thugs carrying out the first organized attacks on Jews, looted and destroyed Jewish stores, houses, and synagogues
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Kristallnacht
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At the end of the war where it showed individuals are held responsible their own actions during war times
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Nuremberg Trails
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Nazi Germany’s systematic murder of European Jews
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Holocaust
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Allied Victory against Europe
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V-E Day
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Weapons dropped on Japan to end WWII in the Pacific
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Atomic Bomb
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Allowed the Allies to take offensive in the Pacific
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Battle of Midway
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Plane that dropped an atomic bomb over Hiroshima
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Enola Gay
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Location of the first atomic bomb drop on Japan on August 6th 1945
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Hiroshima
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Location of the second atomic bomb drop on Japan on August 9th 1945
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Nagasaki
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One island on the Allied path to Japan
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Iwo Jima
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Supervised the building of the bombs
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J. Robert Oppenheimer
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Development of the Atomic bomb which was later dropped on Japan
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Manhattan Project
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Leader of the island-hopping effort to reach America
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Douglas MacArthur
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Women began to fill different roles in America after WWII
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Changing gender roles
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For Japanese immigrates during WWII
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Japanese American internment Housing in America
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Talkers Native American soldiers who spoke in their native languages to relay messages for the Allies
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Navajo Code
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Image used through out America of women’s strength and pride
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Rosie the Riveter
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Separate African American air unit during WWII
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Tuskeegee Airmen
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Allied Victory against Japan
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V-J Day
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Countries subject to Soviet domination.
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Satellite Nations
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Philosophical “wall” of Soviet domination and oppression.
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Iron Curtain
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Competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world.
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Cold War
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U.S. policy of resistance to Soviet attempts at expanding communism.
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Containment
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Encouraged the U.S. government to take a leadership role in the world
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Truman Doctrine
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International peacekeeping agency
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United Nations
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Fear of expansion of the Soviet Union’s communist power
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Red Scare
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American financial aid program for helping Western Europe recover.
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Marshall Plan
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A military alliance between the Soviet Union and its satellite nations.
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Warsaw Pact
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Organization to protect themselves from possible Soviet aggression
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NATO
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Investigate Communist infiltration in Hollywood movies
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HUAC
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Spies charged with give atomic bomb information to the Soviet Union
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Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
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Conflict over North Korean troops invading South Korea to reunite all of Korea
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Korean War
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Latitude line running across Korea at about the midpoint of the peninsula
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38th Parallel
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Smear tactics on the floor of the Senate
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McCarthyism McCarthy
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Policy making the military power of the U.S. and its allies so strong that no enemy would dare attack for fear of retaliation
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Deterrence
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U.S. and Soviet competition to gain weapon superiority
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Arms Race
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Soviet Union’s first artificial satellite to orbit Earth
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Sputnik
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Soviet guided missile shot down of American spy planes
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U-2 Incident
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Competition between the Soviet Union and the United States to reach the moon
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Space Race
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Enormous jump in the birthrate
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Babyboom
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Servicemen’s readjustment Act of 1944 that expanded economic opportunities to World War II veterans
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GI Bill of Right
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Housing developments outside of the cities
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Suburbs
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Financial growth that almost doubled during the 1950’s
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Per Capital Income
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Improvements in transportation with the highway systems
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Federal Aid Highway
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Postion where men are the major financial system of the household
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Gender Roles
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Music of the1950’s that gave young people a style they could call their own
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Rock and Roll
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Group the challenged many traditional ideas
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Beatniks
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Social and economic transition from wartime to peacetime
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Reconversion
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Allowed the president to declare an 80 day cooling off period during which strikers has to return to work
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Taft Hartley Act
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Presidential formula for victory in the 1952 election focused on Korea, communism, and corruption
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Dwight Eisenhower
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Conservative to money and liberal when it comes to human beings
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Modern Republicanism
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Created in response to the Soviet Union Sputnik
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NASA
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Improve science and math instruction in the schools so that the United States could meet the scientific and technical challenges
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National Defense Act
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Of Topeka, Kansas- Supreme Court ruling that stated that the “separate but equal” doctrine was unconstitutional and could not be applied to public education.
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Brown v. Board of Education
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Bringing together of different races.
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Integrating
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African American woman who refused to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama
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Rosa Parks
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First students that were integrated into the Arkansas public school system in Fall 1957
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Little Rock Nine
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Civil rights leader who was influenced by Gandhi believed in nonviolent protest
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Martin Luther King Jr.
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Breaking the law with non-violence behavior
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Nonviolent Civil Disobedience
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Founded by pacifists and directed by James Farmer.
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Congress of Racial Equality
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Introduced the concept of nonviolent protest.
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference
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Gave young African American activists a voice in the civil rights movement.
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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
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Organization to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism, and to gain civil rights for African Americans
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NAACP
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An African American Air Force Veteran who wanted to transfer to the University of Mississippi but was rejected
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James Meredith
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Organized by CORE to protest segregation at lunch counters.
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Sitin
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Aimed at testing the Court decision banning segregation on interstate buses.
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Freedom Rides
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Time in 1964 when thousands of black and white college age volunteers joined to help register African Americans in Mississippi
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Freedom Summer
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Presidential candidate who won the 1960 election with the support of African American voters
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John F. Kennedy
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To focus national attention on Kennedy’s civil rights bill
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Marchon Washington
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To ban discrimination in voting, public accommodations employment, and other areas
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Civil rights leaders who believed strongly that the races should be separated and helped inspire the Black Power movement
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Malcom X
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Rigid pattern of legal separation of the races
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Dejure Segregation
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Racial separation imposed by poverty and ghetto conditions
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Defacto Segregation
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Idea that African Americans should take charge of their communities
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Black Power
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Prisoner of War
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POW
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Major Viet Cong attack on towns, cities, and American bases throughout South Vietnam
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Tet Offensive
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Negotiations between the United States and North Vietnam, beginning in 1968
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Paris Peacetalks
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Highly flammable chemical dropped from U.S. planes in firebombing attacks
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Napalm
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Nationalist leader who led Vietnam against the French
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Ho Chi Minh
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Authorization for Johnson to take military action
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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Policy of replacing American forces with South Vietnamese soldiers
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Vietnamization
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The fear that if one nation falls to communism its neighbors will soon follow
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Domino Theory
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Fight against the Vietnam war
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Anti-war Movement
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League for the Independence of Vietnam
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Vietminh
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1954 meeting to discuss the division of Vietnam.
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Geneva Accords
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Communist guerrillas in South Vietnam
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Viet Cong
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Explosive devices planted in the ground
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Landmines
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An herbicide used as a chemical weapon during the Vietnam War to kill vegetation and expose enemy hiding places
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Agent Orange
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Solider that is missing in action
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MIA
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Secretive and reserved president with a local staff
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Richard Nixon
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Spending more money in a year than the government receives in revenues
embargo a ban |
Deficit Spending
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Gave an amount of federal funds to states and local governments to use as they wished for social programs
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New Federalism
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Group of nations that sets oil prices and production levels
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OPEC
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Communism leader of China
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Mao Zedong
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Practical politics
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Realpolitik
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Relaxation of tension
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Détente
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Agree to limit nuclear mission in the Soviet Union and the United States
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SALT I
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Secretive Secretary of State who believed in realpolitik
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Henry Kissinger
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Listening device
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Wiretap
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Removal from office
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Impeach
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Became president after Nixon’s resignation
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General Ford
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Celebration of the 200th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence.
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Bicentennial
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Law limiting when a President can get involved in foreign conflicts without a formal declaration of war.
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War Powers Act
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A series of agreements on European security.
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Helsinki Accords
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Won the 1976 election by presenting himself as a Washington outsider
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Jimmy Carter
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Current office holder
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Incumbent
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Framework for peace between Israel and Arab nations
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Camp David Accords
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Massachusetts Democrat who had served in the House, Senate, and U.S. Navy
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John F. Kennedy
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Failed attempt by the United States to oust Fidel Castro.
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Bay of Pigs invasion
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Standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union that could have led to nuclear war.
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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Program in which volunteers served in developing nations.
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Peace Corps
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Evidence seized illegally could not be used in trial
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Warren Commission
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Provided health insurance for older Americans
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Medicare
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Provided health insurance for poor Americans
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Medicaid
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Valued youth, spontaneity, and individuality
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Counterculture
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Controversial court case the ruled that legalized abortion in the first three months of pregnancy
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Roev Wade
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Amendment passed Congress in 1972 and then failed in the ratification process.
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Equal Rights Amendment
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Required that suspects be informed of their rights
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Miranda Rights
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Controlled pollutions caused by industry and car emissions
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Clean Air Act
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Regulated wastewater discharges
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Clean Water Act
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Person whose family origins are in Spanish-speaking Latin America
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Latino
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Group fighting to bring American women into full participation in the mainstream of American society
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National Organization for Women (NOW)
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Group founded by Cesar Chavez to organize Mexican farm workers
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United Farm Workers (UFW)
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Worked to ensure the safety of nuclear power plants
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Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
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Enforced national pollution control standards
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
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The conservative groups formed to resize the government and its role in the economy
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New Right
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Economics cutting taxes would put more money in the hands of consumers to buy
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Supply-Side
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Gave money to state and local government to use for the programs of their choice
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New Federalism
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“Star Wars” creation of a massive satellite shield in space to intercept and destroy incoming Soviet missiles
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Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
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Nicaraguan guerrillas
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Contras
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Affair the United States helped arm the Contras to undermine the Marxist government of Nicaragua
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Iran-Contra
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Actor turned president whose goals were to reshape the government and restore the country’s strength and prosperity
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Ronald Reagan
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Dramatic reduction of nuclear weapons in the U.S. and the Soviet Union
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Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)
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Began by the invasion of Kuwait by Saddam Hussein
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Persian Gulf War
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President after serving as vice president under Reagan for eight years
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George H.W. Bush
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Russian term for openness
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Glastnost
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Accused Clinton in taking part in fraudulent loans and land deals in Arkansas before he became president
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Whitewater Affair
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President who served as Arkansas governor
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Bill Clinton Scandelis
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Political parties work to get more representatives in the government which lead to a government shutdown
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Republican Contract with America
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Systematic separation of people of different racial backgrounds
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Apartheid
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Trade restrictions and other economic measures
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Economic Sanctions
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Department created by President Bush to protect America
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Homeland Security
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Islamic fundamentalist group that took over Afghanistan
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Taliban
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Middle eastern country that had civil war since Soviet Union withdrew in 1989
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Afghanistan
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Business that operate in more than one country
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Multinational Corporations
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Called for the gradual removal of trade restrictions among the United States, Canada, and Mexico
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NAFTA
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Was too close to call for 36 days before announcing George W. as President
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Election of 2000
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