- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
172 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define macule and give an example
|
- flat spot less than 1 cm
- freckles |
|
Define patch adn give an example
|
- flat spot greater than 1cm
- port wine stain |
|
Define papule and give 3 examples
|
- solid elevated palpable lesion less than 1cm
- wart, acne, lichen planus |
|
Define plaque and give an example
|
- solid flat topped elevate palpable lesion greater than 1cm
- psoriatic patch |
|
Define nodule and give 2 examples
|
- palpable solid lesion greater than 1cm (not flat topped)
- small lipoma, erythema nodosum |
|
Define vesicle and give 2 examples
|
- elevated, circumscribed lesion less than 5mm containing fluid
- small blister - chickenpox, HSV |
|
Define bulla and give 2 examples
|
- elevated, circumscribed, fluid filled lesion greater than 5mm
- large blister - contact dermatitis, pemphigus |
|
Define wheal and give an example
|
- itchy transiently edematous area
- allergic reaction |
|
General definition of vitiligo
|
depigmentation of unknown etiology
|
|
Vitiligo is often associated with
|
autoimmune conditions like pernicious anemai and hypothyroidism
|
|
Patients with vitiligo may have antibodies to
|
melanin
|
|
Biopsy in vitiligo may show
|
absense of melanocytes
|
|
Puritis is often a clue to these diseases:
|
- obstructive biliary disease
- uremia - polycythemia rubra vera - atopic dermatitis - scabies - lichen planus |
|
Puritis after a warm shower may be a clue to
|
polycythemia rubra vera
|
|
Pruritis with obstructive biliary disease is classically ________
|
primary biliatry cirrhosis
|
|
The most common form of contact dermatitis in women
|
nickel dermatitis (jewlery)
|
|
Contact dermatitis is usually this type of reaction
|
type IV hypersensitivity
|
|
List three classic offending agents for contact dermatitis
|
nickel, deoderant, poison ivy
|
|
Describe the rash of contact dermatitis
|
- well circumscribed
- only in areas of exposure - red - itchy - often with vesicles or bullae |
|
Testing and treatment of contact dermatitis
|
- patch test
- avoid offending agent |
|
Major features of atopic dermatitis
|
- chronic
- begins in 1st year of life - rash is red, itchy, weeping on head and arms sometime diaper area |
|
Main symptoms of atopic dermatitis
|
itching and skin breaks lead to possible infection risk
|
|
Treatment of atopic dermatitis
|
- avoid dry soaps
- antihistamines - topical steroids |
|
What is blepharitis?
|
seborrheic dermatitis of the eyelid
|
|
3 common subtypes of seborrheic dermatitis
|
- cradle cap
- dandruff- blepharitis |
|
Classic findings of seborrheic dermatitis
|
scaling skin on scalp and eyelids
|
|
Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis
|
dandrum shampoo (selenium sulfide)
|
|
fungal infection on the trunk is called
|
tinea corporis
|
|
describe the lesion of tinea corporis
|
- red
- ring-shaped - raised borders - clear centrally while they expand peripherally |
|
fungal infection on the feet is called
|
tinea pedis
|
|
describe the lesion of tinea pedis
|
- macerated
- scaling web spaces - itches |
|
thicked distorted toenails are often
|
onychomycosis
|
|
Most important part of treatment for tinea pedis
|
good foot hygeine
|
|
fungal infection of the nails is called
|
tinea unguium or onychomycosis
|
|
fungal infection of the scalp is called
|
tinea capitis
|
|
is tinea capitis contagious?
|
yes, very
|
|
an inflammed boggy granuloma of the scalp is called
|
kerion
|
|
Describe the characteristics of tinea capitis
|
- sclay patches of hair loss
- boggy granulomas (kerions) |
|
technical name for jock itch and what type of infection
|
- tinea cruris (crural folds)
- fungal infection |
|
Most skin fungal infections are caused by
|
Trichophytan species
|
|
How do you confirm a tinea infection?
|
scraping of sking with KOH prep or by culture
|
|
Pharmacologic treatment of tinea infections
|
- tinea capitis: oral agent
- onychomycosis: oral agent - others can be treated with topical and/or oral |
|
Typical oral and topical treatments for tinea
|
- terbinafine, fluconazole
- topical imidazoles (miconazole, clotrimazole, keotoconazole) |
|
Differentiation of causative organism in tinea capitus
|
- if hair fluoresces under the wood's lamp = microsporum
- otherwise = trichophyton |
|
Physical appearance of thrush
|
white patches on tongue or buccal mucosa that can be scraped off
|
|
When is candial infection considered normal/non-concerning
|
- children
- vulvovaginitis in women esp when pregnant or on antibiotics |
|
Thrush without good explanation should prompt consideration of...
|
- immunodeficiency
- diabetes |
|
Treatment of trush
|
- topical with nystatin or imidazoles
- systemic for resitant disease |
|
Systemic therapies for thrush
|
- nystatin
- ketoconazole |
|
Multiple patches of various size and color on the torso in a young adult =
|
tinea versicolor
|
|
Characteristics of tinea versicolor
|
- young adults
- multiple patches of various size and color on the torso - patches fail to tan (often noted in summer) |
|
Diangosis of tinea versicolor
|
- clinical
- KOH prep |
|
Treatment of tinea versicolor
|
- selenium sulfide shampoo
- topical imidazoles |
|
Classic areas for scabies
|
- finger web spaces
- flexor surfaces of the wrist |
|
Treatment of scabies
|
- permethrin
- technically lidocaine can be used but has a risk of neurotoxicity especially in young children - remember to treat all contacts |
|
Pediculosis =
|
lice
|
|
The technical name for lice is
|
pediculosis
|
|
head lice is called
|
pediculus capitis
|
|
body lice is called
|
pediculus corporis
|
|
pubic lice is called
|
phthirus pubis
|
|
Treatment of lice
|
- permethrin
|
|
Genital warts that are associated with cancer
|
HPV 16 and 18 are associated with cervical cancer
|
|
Warts are most commonly seen ________
|
in older children, on the fingers
|
|
Are warts infectious?
|
yes
|
|
Warts are caused by
|
human papillomavirus
|
|
Typical treatments for warts
|
- salicylic acid
- liquid nitrogen - curettage |
|
Scabies is caused by
|
sarcoptes scabei
|
|
Halmark lesion of scabies
|
burrow on:
- finger web spaces - flexor surfaces of the wrist |
|
Treatment of scabies
|
Permethrin
- be sure to treat contacts |
|
Pediculosis =
|
lice
|
|
Lice is also called
|
pediculosis
|
|
Pediculus capitis is common in
|
school children
|
|
Pediculus corporis usually involves
|
poor hygeine
|
|
Phthirus pubis is
|
sexually transmitted lice
|
|
Diagnosis of lice is made by
|
seeing lice on hair shafts
|
|
Treatment of lice
|
- permethrin
- decontaminate combs, hats, sheet, clothing |
|
Warts are caused by
|
human papillomarvirus (HPV)
|
|
Warts in children are often seen
|
on the hands
|
|
Genital warts are caused by
|
HPV 16 and 18
|
|
Genital warts are associated with
|
cervical cancer
|
|
Treatment of warts
|
- salicylic acid
- liquid nitrogen - curettage |
|
molluscum contagiosum is a
|
poxvirus
|
|
Molluscum contagiosum is common in
|
- children
- STD - don't forget autoinnoculation |
|
Appearance of mollusceum contagiosum
|
- skin-colored
- smooth - waxy papules - central depression (umbilitated) |
|
A 0.5cm waxy skin colored umbilicated papule =
|
molluscum contagiosum
|
|
Characteristic pathologic appearance of molluscum contagiousum
|
inclusion bodies
|
|
Treatment of molluscum contagiousum
|
- freezing
- curettage |
|
5 common "medical" descriptions of acne
|
- comedones (whiteheads/blackheads)
- papules - pustules - inflammed nodules - superficial pus-filled cysts |
|
Gland that gets blocked in acne
|
pilosebaceous glands
|
|
Organism often involved in acne
|
Propionibacterium acnes
|
|
Acne is NOT related to
|
- exercise
- sex - masturbation |
|
Progression of treatment options for acne
|
- topical benzoyl peroxide
- topical clindamycin - oral tetracycline or erthromycin - topical tretinoin - oral isotretinoin |
|
Antibiotic for eradication of propionibacterium acnes
|
erythromycin
|
|
Side effects of oral isotretinoin
|
- dry skin
- dry mucosae - muscle and joint pain - abnormal LFTs |
|
This looks like acne but usually starts in middle age
|
Rosacea
|
|
Rhinophyma =
|
bulbous red nose
|
|
Bulbous red nose in rosacea =
|
rhinophyma
|
|
Rosacea often also has
|
rhinophyma and blepharitis
|
|
Pathogenesis of rosacea
|
unknown (but not related to diet)
|
|
Treatment of rosacea
|
- topical metronidazole
- oral tetracycline |
|
Signs of virilization
|
- hirsutism
- deepening voice - clitoromegaly - frontal balding |
|
Most common cause of virilization
|
idiopathic
|
|
Hirsutism is often a sign of
|
virilization
|
|
More common causes of hirsutism
|
- androgen secreting ovarian tumor
- corticosteroids - Cushing syndrome - Stein-Leventhal syndrome - minoxidil - phenytoin - other drugs |
|
Stein-Leventhal syndrome =
|
polycystic ovarian disease
|
|
Psychiatric disorder where one pulls out hair
|
trichotillomania
|
|
trichotillomania =
|
pathological hair pulling
|
|
What is alopecia areata
|
- form of baldness
- idiopathic - associated with antimicrosomal and other antibodies - seen with lupus, syphilis, after chemo |
|
Key features of male-pattern baldness
|
- benign
- requires androgen expression - considered genetic |
|
Classic lesions of psoriasis
|
- dry
- NOT pruritic - well-circumscribed - silvery - scaling - papules/plaques - on extensor surfaces/scalp |
|
A dry well-circumscribed, silvery, scaling papule on the scalp or extensor surfaces =
|
psoriasis
|
|
Family history for psoriasis
|
often positive
|
|
Psoriatic arthritis is RF
|
negative
|
|
People with psoriasis often have nails that are
|
pitted
|
|
Psoriasis is most often seen in
|
- whites
- onset early adulthood |
|
General treatment of psoriasis
|
- UV light
- lubricants - topical corticosteroids - keratolytics |
|
Examples of keratolytics (such as in treatment of psoriasis)
|
- coal tar
- slicylic acid - anthralin |
|
Age for pityriasis rosea
|
adults
|
|
Scaly slightly erythematous ring-shaped lesion on the trunk =
|
"hearld patch" of pityriasis rosea
|
|
Lesions of pityriasis rosea
|
- scaly red itchy ring shaped
- starts with hearld patch on trunk - 1 weeks later many more appear - follow langerhan's skin cleavage lines - often in "Christmas tree" |
|
Rash with "Christmas tree" pattern
|
pityriasis rosea
|
|
General course of pityriasis rosea
|
spontaneously remits in 1 month
|
|
Ddx of pityriasis rosea
|
syphilis
|
|
Treatment of pityriasis rosea
|
reassurance
|
|
Features of lichen planus:
|
"The 4 P's":
- pruritic - purple - polygonal papules |
|
pruritic purple polygonal papules =
|
lichen planus
|
|
Classic location of lichen planus
|
wrists and/or ankles
|
|
Typical course and treatment of lichen planus
|
-self-limited and resolves within a few years
- symptomatic treatment for itching |
|
2 major drug causes of photosensitivity
|
- tetracycline
- phenothiazines |
|
Classic lesions of erythema multiforme
|
- target of iris lesions
|
|
Infection that can cause erythema multiforme
|
- herpes
|
|
Erythema multiforme is usually caused by
|
- drugs
- infections |
|
Characteristic feature of Stevens-Johnson syndrome
|
Erythema multiforme with mucosal involvement
|
|
Treatment of erythema multiforme
|
supportive
|
|
Typical description of erythema nodosum
|
- inflammatory
- subcutaneous tissue and sin - tender red nodule |
|
Classic location of erythema nodosum
|
- shins (pre-tibial)
|
|
Classic causes of erythema nodosum
|
- unknown
- streptococcal - sarcoidosis - coccidiomycosis - ulcerative colitis |
|
pemphigus vulgaris is an _______ disease
|
autoimmune
|
|
Typical age for pemphigus vulgaris
|
middle and older age
|
|
Typical lesions of pemphigus vulgaris
|
- multiple bullae starting with oral mucosa
- blisters slough and leave raw skin |
|
Multiple bullae starting with oral mucosa, blisters then slough =
|
pemphigus vulgaris
|
|
Biopsy of pemphigus vulgaris shows
|
(stain for antibody)
- lacelike/fishnet immunofluoresence |
|
Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris
|
corticosteroids
|
|
Death from pemphigus vulgaris is often due to
|
- secondary skin infection
- fluid loss |
|
Compare biopsy results of pemphigus vulgaris vs bullous pemphigoid
|
- lacelike/fishnet = vulgaris
- linear = pemphigoid |
|
Dermatitis herpetiformis is a tip-off for
|
gluten sensitivity (celiac disease)
|
|
Pathology of dermatitis herpetiformis
|
IgA deposits (even in unaffected areas)
|
|
Pruritis vesicles, papules and wheals on extensor aspects of elbows and knees +/- face/neck =
|
dermatitis herpetiformis
|
|
Treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis
|
gluten-free diet
|
|
3 major causes of new onset excessive perspiration
|
- hyperthyroidism
- pheochromocytoma - hypoglycemia |
|
Reasons to bioby/excise a mole
|
- enlarges
- irregular borders - darkens/inflammed - changes color - bleeds - itches - painful |
|
Characteristics of dysplastic nevus syndrome
|
- genetic
- often >100 nevi - family history of melanoma |
|
Keratocanthoma often mimics
|
squamous cell skin cancer
|
|
Classic description/course of keratocanthoma
|
- rapid onset
- grows to full size in 1-2 months - fleshy lesion with central crater with keratinous material |
|
Classic locations for keloid
|
upper back, chest, deltoid
|
|
Classic appearance of basal cell skin cancer
|
- shiny purple
- grows slowly - umbilicated center - often later ulcerates - peripheral telangeictasias |
|
Shiny purples slow growing lesion =
|
basal cell cancer
|
|
Metastatic tendency of basal cell carcinoma
|
almost never
|
|
Risks for basal cell carcinoma
|
- sunlight
- light skinned |
|
Features of actinic keratoses
|
hard, sharp, red, scaly
|
|
Hard sharp red scaly lesion in sun exposed area =
|
actinic keratoses
|
|
If a burn scar becomes nodular, warty or ulcerated, think_____
|
squamous cell cancer
|
|
Squamous cell cancer may have pre-cursor _____ lesions
|
actinic keratoses
|
|
Squamous cell skin cancer is also known as
|
Bowen disease
|
|
Actinic keratoses is precursor lesion of
|
squamous cell cancer
|
|
Best and worst prognostic types in melanoma
|
- best: superficial spreading
- worst: nodular |
|
Black dots on palms, soles or under nails =
|
melanoma
|
|
Prognosis in melanoma is related to
|
vertical depth on invasion
|
|
Kaposi sarcoma is classically associated with
|
AIDS
|
|
Paget disease of the nipple, must rule out
|
breast adenocarcinoma
|
|
Classic nutritional cause of stomatitis
|
- B-complex vitamins
- Vitamin C |
|
What are the main B-complex vitamins (deficiency may cause stomatitis)
|
- riboflavin
- niacin - pyridoxine |
