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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Caseating granulomas think:
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* TB
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Non-caseating granulomas think:
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* Sarcoidosis
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Deficiency seen with PANLOBULAR emphysema
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* AAT deficiency leads to lack of an anti-protease, which leads to development of emphysema, typically a panlobular type affecting lower lobes more severely
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Lung cancer associated with hypercalcemia:
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* Squamos cell carcinoma
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Aspiration of gastric contents (usually into the R lung) and and air fluid level think:
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* Lung abscess
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A pt with a fever and bilateral interstitial infiltrates probably has:
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* Viral pneumonia (viral = chronic interstitial inflammation)
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Characteristics of chronic bronchitis:
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* Persistent productive cough for at least 3 months over 2 consecutive years (they will have mucus gland hypertrophy)
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A pt with diaphragmatic pleural plaques with focal calcification has probably been exposed to:
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* Asbestos
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Sub-pleural bullae that are prone to burst in young adults is called:
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* Paraseptal emphysema (spontaneous pneumothorax)
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A pt involved in a severe accident who is given 100% oxygen as the potential to develop:
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* ARDS (or diffuse alveolar damage)-- due to "Shock lung"
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Differential dx for a pt (smoker) who has a single solitary coin lesion in the R upper lobe:
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* Adenocarcinoma, granuloma, or hamartoma
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A pt with lower lobe consolidation who doesn't respond to antibiotic therapy probably has:
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* Bronchioalveolar carcinoma (can spread in a pneumonia like pattern)
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A pt with hilar lymphadenopathy and her microscopic exam shows no viral inclusions, no fungi, no acid fast bacilli, and no atypical cells, what is she most likely to have?
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* Sarcoidosis-- hilar lymphadenopathy is classic along with fever, dyspnea, and weight loss
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A pt with small cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm has what lung cancer:
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* Oat cell (small cell) carcinoma-- frequently affects ADH (low serum Na+) and ACTH levels
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Organism most likely to cause a lung abscess (air fluid level):
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* Staph aureus
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A pt with central lung cancer that microscopically has alveoli filled with foamy macrophages:
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* Squamos cell carcinoma
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Asthmatic episodes are often initiated by:
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* Type I hypersensitivity reactions (allergens)
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Cor pulmonale is the result of:
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* Pulmonary HTN (Often seen with emphysema)
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Peripheral lung cancers are:
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* Adenocarcinoma, Bronchioalveolar carcinoma, and Large Cell Carcinoma
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Central lung cancers are:
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* Squamos cell carcinoma (High Ca2+) and Oat cell (small cell carcinoma)
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Organism that causes primary atypical pneumonia:
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* Mycoplasma pneumonia
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Corticosteroids can be given to diabetic moms to help their fetuses speed development of this in their tiny lil' baby lungs:
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* Surfactant (from Type II pneumocytes)
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The "Ghon complex" is typically seen with:
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* TB (mycobacterium tuberculosis)
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Disease seen in babies who don't have enough surfactant:
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* Hyaline membrane disease (often seen with babies of diabetic moms)
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What does alpha-antitrypsin deficiency affect in the lung:
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* The distal acinus beyond the respiratory bronchiole (the alveolar duct)
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Histo findings in hyaline membrane disease:
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* Decreased lamellar bodies in Type II pneumocytes (surfactant producers)
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Infants treated for hyaline membrane disease with high O2 are at risk of this complication when taken off the oxygen:
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* Bronchiopulmonary dysplasia
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The final common pathway for many acute lung injuries in adults is:
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* Diffuse alveolar damage or (ARDS)
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Charcot-laden crystals and Curschmann's spirals are associated with:
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* Asthma
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General causative agent of epiglottitis in kids:
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* H. influenzae
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Lung with multiple cystic spaces found in the end stages of interstitial lung disease:
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* Honeycomb lung
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Communication between adjacent alveolar spaces-- allows for spread of infection:
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* Pores of Kohn
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Diffuse interstitial lung disease characterized by dense, proetienacious PAS+ fluid, necrotic type II pneumo's, and alveolar mac's within alveolar spaces:
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* Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
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The Reid index (bronchial gland thickness to total bronchial wall thickness) is increased with:
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* Chronic bronchitis
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A kid who aspirates an object will have tracheal deviation toward what side?
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* Toward the side of the object
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What is a ferrunginous body?
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* Incompletely engulfed asbestos fiber encrusted by protein and iron
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What gas exchange is favored in high V/Q units:
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* High V/Q favors CO2 elimination over O2 uptake
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4 stages of lobar pneumonia:
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* Congestion, red hepatization, gray hep, and resolution -- has masson bodies also
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Restrictive lung disease often seen in african american women who have non-caseating granulomas:
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* Sarcoidosis
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A patient with diarrhea, flushing, and wheezing might have:
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* Carcinoid syndrome-- elevated seratonin
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Common asthma med that can result in hypokalemia:
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* Albuterol
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Part of the airway damaged with centriacinar and panacinar emphysema:
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* Centriacinar = resp. bronchiole
Panacinar = Alveoli |
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Type of emphysema associated with alpha-antitrypsin deficiency (AAT):
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* Panacinar emphysema
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What is bronchiectasis and is it restrictive or obstructive?
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* Bronciectasis (obstructive) is a permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles d/t cystic fibrosis, infections, obstruction, etc.
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Epithelial, mediastinal tumor that is associated with myasthenia gravis:
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* Thymoma
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Is a transudate or exudate more common with pneumonia?
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* Exudate
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