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28 Cards in this Set

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precocious puberty causing brain mass
pineal region tumor
asthma w/ symptoms less than two times a week and have less than two nighttime episodes a month. Classify? Tx?
mild intermittent.
do not require daily medication and only short-acting beta-agonists are needed.
asthma w/ symptoms more than two times a week, and have 3 to 4 nights a month with symptoms. classification? tx?
mild persistent asthma
1. including low-dose, inhaled corticosteroids, cromolyn, or a leukotriene inhibitor,
2. use short-acting beta-agonists for rescue.
asthma w/ daily symptoms and difficulty at night more than once a week. Classification? Tx
moderate persistent asthma
1. medium-dose corticosteroids, or a combination of low-dose corticosteroids
2. a long-acting beta-agonist;
asthma w/ continual symptoms and frequent nighttime symptoms. Classification? Tx?
severe persistent asthma
TX: 1. daily high-dose glucocorticoids as well as long-acting -agonists;
2. they may require oral steroids as well.
discrete, whitish polyp that extends through the tympanic membrane in a child with a history of recurrent otitis media or chronically draining ear. Dx? Complications?
cholesteatoma may be congenital or acquired. It is a small sac lined with epithelium-containing debris.
Complications: The mass can grow aggressively, leading to CNS complications like facial nerve damage, hearing loss, and intracranial extension.
Referral to an otolaryngologist is required; a CT scan of the temporal bones can define the extent of disease.
When can a child see something from another person’s point of view?
Egocentrism refers to the young child's inability to see things from another's point of view. Egocentrism is described by Jean Piaget as part of the preoperational stage of cognitive development, which occurs between 2 and 5 to 7 years of age.
When does failure to thrive need to be admitted?
hypotension and bradycardia = severe malnutrition
the congenital absence of ganglion cells in the rectum or rectosigmoid colon,
Hirschsprung disease
Hirschsprung disease – how diagnosed?
rectal biopsy
barium enema—a distal narrow segment of bowel with markedly distended colon proximally. Think?
Hirschsprung disease
Hirschsprung disease tx?
colostomy decompression -> Definitive repair is best delayed until nutritional status is adequate and the chronically distended bowel has returned to normal size.
repair leads to satisfactory bowel function in most affected patients.
What GI disease is associated with a high incidence of genitourinary tract anomalies and risk of long-term fecal incontinence?
imperforate anus
Marfan syndrome cardiac complication?
dilatation of the aorta, and dissecting aneurysm.
Marfan syndrome genetics: autosomal __?
autosomal dominant trait
Adolescent w/ 2-day history diffuse erythematous macular rash, injected conjunctiva and oral mucosa, and a strawberry tongue. now w/ high fever, hypotension, and vomiting with diarrhea. Dx? Bug?
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
Bug: S aureus or <<Streptococcus sp
pneumonia, skin infection (as in this patient), bacteremia, or osteomyelitis.
first step in the management of a pediatric patient with a solitary thyroid nodule.
measurement of thyroid function
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome genetics
X-linked recessive
thrombocytopenia, eczema, and increased susceptibility to infection px w/ prolonged bleeding from circumcision, bloody diarrhea, and easy bruising. Think? if w/out infection?
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome assoc malignancy
malignancy caused by EBV infection.
malaise, fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis followed by the typical, widespread, erythematous, maculopapular rash and Koplik spots, white pinpoint lesions on a bright red buccal mucosa often in the area opposite his lower molars
measles presents (Koplik spots)
3 days of maculopapular rash, enlargement of the posterior cervical and occipital lymph nodes, low-grade fever, mild sore throat, and, occasionally, conjunctivitis, arthralgia, or arthritis.
Rubella
Prodrome: mild sore throat and malaise +/- fever -> progresses adherent membrane that covers the tonsils and can extend to cover the uvula, palate, posterior oropharynx, hypopharynx, and glottic area. Lymphadenopathy and soft tissue swelling lead to a "bull neck" appearance and potential airway compromise.
Diphtheria (caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria)
What Congenital infection has Structural heart defects?
Congenital rubella ("blueberry muffin" rash) (ductus arteriosis, pulmonary artery stenosis, and septal defects
What Congenital infection has Structural heart defects, SGA with IUGR, cataracts, microphthalmia, myocarditis, and a red or purple macular rash.
Congenital rubella ("blueberry muffin" rash) (ductus arteriosis, pulmonary artery stenosis, and septal defects
What Congenital infection px w/ hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, and intracranial calcifications?
Toxoplasmosis
the most common congenital infection?
congenital cytomegalovirus
congenital infection w/ hepatosplenomegaly, petechiae or purpura, microcephaly,
congenital cytomegalovirus