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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the normal respiratory rate for a newborn?
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40 to 60 per minute
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What is the normal respiratory rate for 5 and 7 year old?
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20 to 25 per minute
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What is the normal respiratory rate for adults?
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12 to 20 per minute
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Where does the Nasopharynx end and oropharynx begin?
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The level of the uvula
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Where is the piriform sinuses?
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The Piriform sinuses are the recesses that are on either side of the arytenoid cartilages. The indotracheal tube could mistakenly be placed in these voids.
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Where are the arytenoid cartilages and what do they do?
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The arytenoid cartilages are in each side of the glottis and are used to help control the vocal cords.
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Hypoxemia
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Insufficient oxygenation of arterial blood.
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Hypoxia
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Hypoxia is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole (generalized hypoxia) or a region of the body (tissue hypoxia) is deprived of adequate oxygen supply.
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PND
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A sudden episode of dyspnea that occurs after lying down.
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What are the three requirements for "respiration"?
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Ventilation, diffusion and perfusion.
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What is FiO2?
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Fraction of Inspired Oxygen.
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Describe "wheezing" breath sounds and what it probably indicates in the pt.
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High pitched noises usually during expiration caused by high-velocity air traveling through narowed airways; often caused by asthma, copd and chf. Classified as mild, moderate and severe/ should be described as occuring during inspiration or expiration.
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Describe "rales" or "crackles" breath sounds and what it probably indicates.
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Sounds like hair being rubbed between your fingers. Usually heard during the end of inspiration. Indicates disease of small airways or aveoli or both. Usually caused by pulmonary edema and pneumonia in early stages.
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Ronchi
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Contineous low-pitched , rumbling sounds usually heard on expiration. Do not involve small airways. Caused by the passage of air obstructed by thick secretions, muscular spasm, new tissue growth or external pressure collapsing the airway lumen.
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Stridor
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Usually inspiratory, crowing-type sound that can be heard without the aid of a stethoscope. Indicates significant narrowing or obstruction of the larynx or trachea. Caused by epiglottitis, viral croup, foreign body aspiration or combination of all the above. Often indicates a life-threatening problem, especially in children.
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How is CO2 transported in the blood?
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Bicarbonate Ions, plasma, and blood proteins.
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Ataxic
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Breathing that usually follows a pattern of gasping; Usually associated with qa strctural or cpmpressive lesion in the medullary respiratory centers.
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Biot's respirations
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Involving irregular respirations varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of apnea.
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What is PND?
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Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea ("PND")/ Also refered to as "cardiac asthma".
It is defined as sudden, severe shortness of breath at night that awakens a person from sleep, often with coughing and wheezing. It is most closely associated with congestive heart failure. |
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What is the average tital volume of the average male?
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500 to 600 mL / One fifth of which (approxamately 150 mL) is anatomical dead space.
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The combination of anatomical dead space plus the amount of air that cannot be used because of damaged aveoli is refered to as (blank)?
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Physiological dead space.
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The amount of air that can be forsefully inspired after the amount of "normal total volume" of inspired air is called (blank).
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Inspired reserve volume (approximately 2000 to 3000 mL)
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The amount of air that can be forcefully expired after the amount of "normal total volume" of expired air is called (blank).
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Expiratory reserve volume (usually less than inspiratory reserve volume - approximately 1200 mL)
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The three requirements for respiration system to work properly are:
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ventilation, diffusion, and perfusion.
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Continuous, low-pitched, rumbling sounds usually heard on expiration, caused by obstruction of thick secretions, muscular spasm, new tissue groth or external pressure collapsing the airway are called (blank).
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Rhonchi
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What are the three parameters for airway evaluation?
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Rate, Regularity and Effort
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A respiratory pattern involving iregular respirations varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of apnea. Usually seen in pts with head injuries and increased intracranial pressure - frequently produces ventilatory failure and may lead to apnea.
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Biot's Respirations
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A cluster of irregular breathing patters characterized by a series of inspiration and expirations. These respirations usually are associated with a structural or compressive lesion in the medullary respiratory centers.
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Ataxic
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A pattern of breathing marked by rapid and regular ventilations at a rate of about 25 per minute. Indicates an increasing depth of coma.
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Central Neurologic hyperventilation
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Mild signs and symptoms of hypoxia; the patient is working hard to breathe and the work is paying off.
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Respiratory distress
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No signs or synmptoms of hypoxia:
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No respiratory compromise
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Strong signs and symptoms of hypoxia; the harder the patient works to breathe, the worse the patient becomes.
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Respiratory failure
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Respiratory arrest
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The patient has stopped breathing.
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