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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the four types of Tissue!
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Epithelial
Connective Muscle Nervous |
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What are the functions of muscle?
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Motion
Maintenance of posture Heat production |
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What are the three types of Muscle?
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Skeletal
Smooth Cardiac |
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Skeletal muscles will not contract unless?
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stimulated by neurons!
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Skeletal muscle is also called?
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Striated muscle! (Because of its appearance under a microscope)
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This muscle is attached to bones and moves the skeleton.
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Skeletal Muscle
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This muscle is also known as the voluntary muscle!
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Skeletal Muscle
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This muscle is involuntary in movement. It is also non-straited and a muscle of the viscera walling hollow organs.
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Smooth Muscle
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This muscle is involuntary and striated. It is of the heart.
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Cardiac Muscle
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What type of muscle is this?
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Voluntary Striated Muscle
Skeletal Muscle |
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What are tough fibrous connective tissue bands which connect most skeletal muscles to bone?
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Tendons
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What are broad sheets of fibrous connective tissue which attach some muscles to bones or other muscles?
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Aponeuroses
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What is the location of a muscle that is more stable site of attachment?
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The Origin
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What is the location of a muscle that is more moveable attachment?
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The Insertion
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What is the one thing that a muscle does?
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Muscles contract after stimulation by a nerve impulse.
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What two words are used to describe a muscle or muscle group which directly produces a desired movement?
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Prime Mover
or Agonist |
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What word is used to describe a muscle or muscle group that directly opposes the action of the prime mover / agonist?
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Antagonist
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A term used for a muscle that contracts at the same time as a prime mover and assists in carrying out its action.
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Synergist
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A term used for muscles stabilize joints to allow other movements to take place.
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Fixator
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A powerful muscle used for chewing and closes the jaw?
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Masseter
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What are the muscles that raise and extend the head and neck?
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Splenius
and Trapezius |
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What is the muscle that extends the head and neck as well as pulls the front leg foward?
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Brachiocephalicus
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What is a smaller straplike flexor of the lower neck?
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Sternocephalicus
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What are the inspiratiory muscles that allow drawing air in and expanding the thoracic cavity?
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Diaphragm
and External intercoastal muscles |
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What are the expiratory muscles?
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Internal intercoastal muscles
and Abdominal Muscles |
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What is the muscle that flexes the shoulder and propels body forward?
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Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
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What is the adductors (inward movers) muscle of the front legs?
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Pectoral Muscles
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What is the abducts (outward movers) and flexes the shoulder joint?
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Deltoid Muscle
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What is the muscle that flexes the elbow joint?
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Biceps Brachii
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What is the muscle that extends the elbow joint?
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Triceps Brachii
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What is the pelvic limb muscle extensors of the hip joing which pulls the leg backward?
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Gluteal Muscles
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What is the pelvic limb muscle extensors of the hip joint and main flexors of the stifle joint propeling the animal forward?
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Hamstring muscle group
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What is the pelvic limb muscle of the main extensor of the stifle?
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Quadriceps femoris
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What is the pelvic limb muscles powerful extensor of the hock which propels the body forward?
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Gastrocnemius Muscle
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What are the best locatons for intramuscular injection sites?
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The best areas are large, thick muscle bellies which are easily accessible and place the person injecting the drug in a relatively safe location.
Ideal locations are not neighboring sensitive structures such as nerves and will allow for ventral drainage should a complication occur. |
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What are intramuscular injection sites for cats and dogs?
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Pelvic Limbs
-Gluteal Muscles -Quadriceps Femoris Muscle -Hamstring Group Thoracic Limb -Triceps Brachii Muscle |
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What are intramuscular injection sites for cattle and goats?
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Pelvic Limb
-Gluteal Muscles -Hamstring Groups Thoracic Limb -Triceps Brachii Muscle Neck -Trapezius Muscle |
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What are intramuscular injection sites for horses?
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Pelvic Limb
-Gluteal Muscles -Hamstring Group Thoracic Limb -Triceps Brachii Muscle Neck -Trapezius Muscle Chest -Pectoral Muscles |
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What are intramuscular injection sites for swine?
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Pelvic Limb
-Semitendinosus Muscle Neck -Brachiocephalicus Muscle -Trapezius Muscle |
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Each individual skeletal muscle fiber is surrounded by delicate connective tissue known as?
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Endomysium
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Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are called?
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Fascicles
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Fascicles are bound together by tougher connective tissue known as the?
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Perimysium
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Groups of fascicles are surrounded by?
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Epimysium
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These three connective tissues (endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium) are continous with the?
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muscle attachements!
(Tendons and Aponeuroses) |
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Muscles fiber is not a single cell and it's parts are given special names such as?
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Sarcolemma - plasma membrane
Sacroplasmic Reticulum - Endoplasmic Reticulum Sacrosome - Mitochondrion Sarcoplasm - Cytoplasm Remember these terms are similar in structure and function as other cells. |
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Muscle fibers or myofibrils are made up of long parallel protein molecules called?
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Myofilaments
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There are two types of myofilaments. What are they?
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Actin: Thin Myofilaments
Myosin: Thick Myofilaments |
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The thick filaaments produce the dark?
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A band
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What is the area called where the thick filaments do not overlap?
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I Band
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What is the place where thick and thin filaments don't overlap?
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H Zone
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The entire array of thick and thin filaments between the Z lines is called the?
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Sarcomere
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What is the thick filaments binding site called?
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Myosin Head
A sort of hinge that allows a swivelling motion and causes muscle contraction. |
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What is the cell membrane of a muscle cell called?
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The Sarcolemma!
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Take a look at how it works!
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The myosin head binds to the actin and atp binding sites. All these chemicals work together to create the ratchet affect.
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What happens as the ATP concentration in a muscle declines and the myosin heads end up bound to the actin bind site?
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They can no longer swivel.
This is also what occurs with Rigor Mortis. |
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The nervous system communicates with muscle via the?
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neuromuscular junction!
(also called the myoneural junction) |
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The minimum unit of contraction in a muscle is called the?
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Motor Unit!
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The response of a motor unit is?
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All or None!
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Even at rest most of our skeletal muscles are in a state of partial contraction called?
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Tonus
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When tension or force generated by the muscle is greater than the load and the muscle shortens it is called?
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Isotonic contraction.
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When load is greater than the tension or force generated by the muscle and the muscle does not shorten it is called?
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Isometric contraction.
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The response of a skeletal muscle to a single stimulation (or action potential) is called a?
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Twitch
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The period where the message impulse is traveling since the muscle cannot contract instantaneously is called?
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Latent period
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The time tension increases (cross-briges are swivelling) is called?
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Contraction period
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When the muscle relaxes (tension decreases) and tends to return to its original length is called?
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Relaxation period
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What are the two types of muscle fibers?
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Type I Fibers
and Type II Fibers Ratio of Type I and Type II can be changed by endurance training. Produces more Type I! |
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List some aspects of Type I Muscle Fibers:
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Loaded with Mitochondria
Depend on cellular respiration Resistant to fatigue Rich in myoglobin Known as "slow-twitch" fibers |
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List some aspects of Type II Muscle Fibers:
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Few Mitochondria
Rich in glycogen Depends on glycolysis Fatigue easily Low in myoglobin Known as "Fast-Twitch" fibers |
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Even if the nerves are destroyed the heart continues to?
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beat!
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What is the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle?
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Some regenerative capacity.
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What is the regenerative capacity of cardiac muscle?
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None
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What is the regenerative capacity of smooth muscle?
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Highly regenerative capacity.
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Muscles
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Muscles
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