Viral infections

DNA
Adenovirus
Upper respiratory Tract Infections (50% subclinical)
BUT, organ transplantees--> hemorrhagic cystitis

DNA
HSV, VSV, CMV, EBV
Herpes 6 & 7-->roseola infantum or 6th disease (100% seroprevelence by age 5)

Herpes 8--> Kaposi's Sarcoma opportunistic cancer
(5% prev in USA and 50% Africa)

DNA
Papilloma vairus-->warts
Strains 6, 11,16, 18 associated with genital warts and cervical/anal cancer
Vaccination is available
Local therapy--> cryo therapy and distruction of tissue, or imiquimod therapy wich tries to activate immune response

DNA
5ths disease (slapped cheek disease)
50% sero prevelence
Immunocompromised patients or thoes with high red cell turnover--> RBC aplasia
Congenital exposure can cause fetal anemia

Therapy IVIG

DNA
JC and BK
wide spread (70% and asymptomatic latent infectios established)

Immunocompromised:
JC--> pogressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
BK--> hemorrhagic cystitis

RNA
Hantavirus--> cardopulmonary syndrome
Rodent Vector
High mortality rate form pulmonary edema

RNA
Norwalk Virus
Highly contageous gastroenteritis
"cruise ship" epidemics
"Hit and Run" virus

RNA
Common Colds (15% of colds)
SARS--> probable zoonoses and area of new drug development

Malburg and Ebola virus
Zoonoses
Hemorrhagic fevers (25% mortality)

RNA
mosquito or tick vectors
Yellow fever, Dengue, Encephalitis, and West Nile Virus

RNA
Measles (vaccine), Mumps (vaccine)
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (causes bronchiolitis)
Parainfluenza (causes croup in children)

RNA
Enteroviruses (90% asympt)
Polio virus (vaccine)
Echoviruses (hemmorhagic conjunctivitis)
Coxsachieviruses

Rhinovirus (50% common cold)

RNA
Rotovirus
100% exposure by 2-3 yo
Most important cause of gastroenteritis in kids (Vaccine)

Cytosine nucleotide analog
activated by phosphrolation to triphosphate
blocks viral DNA synthesis only potential "broad spec" against DNA virus

Parenteral and Nephrotoxic
given with probenecid and hydration

Approved for HCV
Side effects: depression and and flue like SE

Possoble "broad spec" against RNA viruses

Guanosine RNA analogue
Inhibits synthesis of natural purine nucleotides

Approved for RSV as inhaled drug and for HCV when used with in combo with interferon

Possible "broad spec" for RNA virus given IV for life threattening RNA viral infections (hanta virus measles etc)

Dose limiting side effect is anemia